Marketing Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Report - Case Study Example Therefore, the recommendations are made considering the major identified attributes for the business success. The methods used to evaluate the marketing strategies include mystery shopping, which is also referred to as the identification of critical incident practically. Therefore, the direct observations are used for the evaluation of marketing strategy to identify the utilization of key marketing elements The report and analysis is based on the assumption that one time live experience is useful for the generalization of marketing strategy. The limitation is the limited time frame to analyze the marketing strategy using only the experience of Singapore based Popeye chicken restaurant, which is very small part of the international food chain. The report analyzes the marketing strategy of Popeye. The Popeye is an American chain of fast food and the chain was founded in the year 1972. Popeye was initially established in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Popeye is famous with the name of Popeye Louisiana. It is often referred to as Popeye’s Chicken & Biscuits. Another name of Popeye is â€Å"Popeye Chicken and Seafood†. After a span of around 19 years Popeye was acquired by US based chicken company named as AFC Enterprises (Smith, 2006). The Popeye has completed its 2000 franchises in all over the world. During the mid of 2014, Popeye claimed that it has re acquired full control of its seasoning. The major factors that affect the operations of the Popeye business include the quality of food, variety of food, prices and serving time. The two main forces that may affect the firm’s ability to serve its customers are the competitive prices and attractive ambience along with good food. In the marketing language these two forces have the implications that low price may reduce the competitive pressure on the company. Secondly, good ambience along with good food may

An Analysis via Eriksons Theory Essay Example for Free

An Analysis via Eriksons Theory Essay Hillary Clinton is a well-known political figure, with many contradictions in her personality. This difficult Democratic primary election process has revealed interesting features of her personality, from her strong, resolute character, reflected in her perseverance despite political challenges, to her vulnerability, which she has shown in several moments, like that well-publicized tearful scene in the New Hampshire primary, in front of all the cameras. I chose Erikson’s theory of personality to help explain the development of Hillary Clinton’s personality. Erikson proposes that an individual develops her personality by passing through various life stages, each marked by a specific area of conflict. Hence, I will apply Erikson’s stages to Hillary Clinton’s personality development and life events. Erikson’s first life stage is trust versus mistrust, followed by the second stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt. During Hillary’s infancy and early childhood, Hillary was born into a supportive family with a strong religious background. Her parents nurtured her emotional development. In such a supportive environment, her personality flourished, as she found her caregivers and family caring and reliable. Independence and self-reliance were encouraged at an early age in Hillary’s family. Erikson’s third stage is the conflict of initiative versus guilt. Early in her childhood, Hillary was encouraged by her parents to be assertive. Personal drive was strongly encouraged, as she excelled early in school, and as she was encouraged to stand up for her rights. One popular incident was illustrated by Hillary’s mother when one time, Hillary came home crying because she was being bullied. After a long talk with her mother, Hillary came back to school, and punched her bully. Erikson’s fourth stage of industry versus inferiority is a major period of success for Hillary Clinton. From the time of her early childhood to high school, she excels in school, graduating first in her class. Hillary develops a strong feeling of purpose and self-worth, which carries forward her ambitions later in life. Her sense of industry and accomplishment are further validated by her academic achievement in Wellesley College and Yale University. Erikson’s fifth stage of identity versus role confusion is often matched to an individual’s  teenage years, but this stage covers many events in Hillary’s personality development, extending beyond her teenage years. Hillary’s parents allowed her to gain her own voice. She was encouraged to break free beyond the traditional female roles of her time, to pursue higher education and a career. Her political leanings radically changed, as she left her earlier registration in the Young Republican party, to join the Democratic Party. In her valedictory speech at Wellesley College, she embraced the strong sentiment against the Vietnam War and full support for the civil rights movement. Like many members of her generation that time, Hillary tried to find her identity in the turbulent society of the 1960’s. The sixth stage of Erikson corresponds to an individual finding love, in a struggle of finding intimacy versus isolation. As a law student at Yale University, Hillary met her husband, Bill Clinton. While Bill Clinton’s infidelity will challenge this relationship, the relationship between Hillary and Bill Clinton is a true partnership. Despite the proposals of cynics that Hillary stuck with Bill Clinton because of his political connections, many sources still acknowledge that the love between Hillary and Bill Clinton has been genuine. This family unit, also built around their sole daughter Chelsea Clinton, has helped the Clintons weather political turmoil. Erikson’s seventh stage of generativity versus stagnation is a major question that keeps recurring in Hillary Clinton’s life. Hillary Clinton has worked hard on her legacy, and continues to do so. During her husband’s administration, Hillary took up active roles in formulating government policy, including an attempt at health care reform, far beyond the traditional roles of a First Lady. Not content after Bill Clinton left the White House; Hillary Clinton decided to pursue her own ambitions by running for the Senate. Finally, as she attempts to clinch the Democratic presidential nomination, Hillary strives to make history as America’s first female president. Perhaps, it is this driving force to leave a legacy which is the source of Hillary Clinton’s tenacity during the Democratic primary. The final stage of Erikson’s life development, involving ego identity versus despair, is an open chapter in Hillary’s life. If she fails to secure her lifelong dream of becoming the first American female president, will her personality turn to despair? Or instead will she instead be satisfied with her family and her political accomplishments? Time will decide how Hillary’s personality  development will unfold. In summary, Erikson’s life stages of development offer a useful framework for understanding Hillary Clinton’s motivations and personality development. The various conflicts in Erikson’s theory highlight the life of Hillary Clinton, who faced many challenges to reach her current unique position of success and historical significance.

A Comparison of Civilization in The Oresteia and Miltons Paradise Lost :: comparison compare contrast essays

Civilization in The Oresteia and Paradise Lost      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The continual search for a perfect civilization marks the history of human progress. From Plato to Locke to Marx, man has sought to order society to provide justice for himself and his children. In this quest for paradise, myths of primitivity help describe how social institutions can direct humans away from their temptations toward higher goals. In Aeschylus' The Oresteia and John Milton's Paradise Lost, human civilization is viewed as an imperfect balance of opposites which helps combat man's tendencies toward barbarism and misogyny.    For Aeschylus, successful civilization defines itself not by complete devotion to Fate or the gods; instead, society forms "the ultimate product of conflict between opposing forces" in which violence and antisocial behavior are repressed through a "hierarchization of values" (Zeitlin 1). The social myth of The Oresteia is viewed not as a historical reality but as a useful symbol - a consideration of humans run amok as the social institutions of family and government give way to a cycle of destructive violence. The trilogy sets justice, family, and city against revenge and ambition in a test of whether any social institution can survive in the face of a threat to its supremacy.    In contrast, the strongly Puritan John Milton describes the structure of society as a least among evils; it forms the "scaffolding" which, "when the building is finished," is only a "troublesome disfigurement" to man's own ability for good (Milton The Reason of Church-government qtd. in Fish 534). The conflict in Paradise Lost juxtaposes man's submission and faith with his sensuousness and ignorance. The Coming of the Son promises the final solution to man's problems and an end to this "clash of values" (Fish 536). Yet until the Resurrection, the Fortunate Fall leaves lasting marks on human civilization that are dramatically portrayed as cracks in the veneered perfection of mythic Eden.    The gorgeous garden belies the theological chasm that separates man from his Creator. Humans cannot accept the command to "be lowly wise" (PL VIII.173). When Adam promises to avoid "obscure and subtle" (PL VIII.192) thought, he acknowledges that "apt the mind or fancy is to rove/Unchecked" (PL VIII.

A man without a country

‘A man Without a Country’ is an anthology of essays published by Kurt Vonnegut in 2005. The anthology, whose caption is, â€Å"A memoir Of Life in George W. Bush’s America.†Is a book consisting of tremendously short essays which deal with subjects varying from tribulations with contemporary technology, to significance of humor, to Vonnegut’s views on the disparities between women and men. (Vonnegut & Simon 36)However, most common in a ‘Man without a Country’ are essays which clarify Vonnegut’s views on politics as well as the subjects in contemporary American society, frequently from a particularly humanistic viewpoint. ‘A Man without a Country’ is Kurt Vonnegut’s final work. In January 2007, Vonnegut pointed out that he anticipated this book to be his last work and the declaration confirmed to be correct when he passed away in April, 2007.This would stand correct awaiting a short- story anthology of Vonnegutâ €™s unpublished work entitled ‘Armageddon in Retrospect’ which would be in print posthumously in 2008. (Vonnegut & Simon 78)  Ã¢â‚¬ËœA man without a country’ is therefore an anthology of principally formerly published work. The huge majority which cames out in the pages of the substitute newsmagazine ‘In These Times’ between 2003 and 2005. Vonnegut gleans his work from speeches as well as short essays which were written over the last a half a decade and abundantly illustrated with works of art by the author all the way through. (Vonnegut & Simon 78&79)

Palliser analysis

International University Vietnam Bachelor of Commerce Program Assignment Cover Page Question: Companies internationalist for a variety of reasons and in a variety of ways. Discuss a major issue that a company will face while internationalization and how it may manage this challenge. Use examples from real companies to illustrate your points. Essay: In the world, many companies want to internationalist to expand or find a potential market but they must face many issues, such as red tape, language and cross culture.This essay will analyze a major issue of lacking control in quality of products ND capacity of employees of Coca-cola when they internationalization and how the firms solved this problem. According to Bartlett and Shoal model, Coca-Cola chooses global strategies because they need to reduce the cost of production and it also becomes a reason why they internationalist. Additionally, Coca-cola entry into China because of three advantages of Dunning motive model. Firstly, Coca-C ola has their own pattern and strong brand image, so they can compete with local companies easily (Lily et al 2013).In addition, Lily et al (2013) states that they also have location advantages of low labor cost, the significant domestic market and high economic growth of China. Finally, this internationalization advantages is that they have the agreement with big food company in China (Lily et al 2013). The problem of lacking control affect mostly to the Coca-cola when they can improve the quality and also manage the employees. Therefore, the plan to expand the market can be influenced and it also can decrease the reputation of the company.The main issue is that it can reduce the sale volumes, so the profit can be decreased significantly because China s the potential market with large population. Coca-cola make a decisions to become a FED company to solve the issue and they apply Pascal model and entry mode to entry in to China to clearly show each step they done carefully which de pend on the China' situations. For the first step, they export their products to China and then, they sign a franchise contract with a Chinese bottling partner in 1979 when Chinese government apply tight regulations (Lily et al & Addax Consulting 2013).Secondly, Lily et al (2013) points out that in 1985, they invest money in a Chinese firm to make this come a Joint venture firm and in 1993 they built their own subsidiary to become a FED firm when Chinese government had changed their policies to attract more FED. According to the Coca-Cola Company (n. D), the company established bottling operations in France, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Belgium, Italy, Peru, Spain, Australia, Philippines and South Africa from 1920 to 1930. COMIC (n. D) claims that two bottling plants were establish in China and the bottles were imported from the plants in Philippines.Coca-Cola depends on these two models to improve their power n term of control quality of product and capacity of employees. From an e xporter to become a Joint venture, they can control a part and then, they can control all when they building their own factories. They show clearly their wants for develop in the China's market.

Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Example

Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Example Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to learn how to use a spectrophotometer to measure the amount of light absorbed by different concentrations of salicylic acid, compare those concentrations to our unknown sample and to use the data collected to compile a graph showing the levels of absorbance of the different concentrations. Methods and materials: In this lab we used a spectrophotometer, a test tube filled with water to be used as a blank, six test tubes with different concentrations of salicylic acid ranging from 0 mg/dL to 5 mg/dL and one test tube with an unknown concentration of salicylic acid. We set the spectrophotometer to a wavelength of 540 nm. We adjusted the transmittance to 0%. Next we placed the test tube with the water into the spectrophotometer and adjusted the transmittance dial to 100%. We removed the test tube containing the water and replaced it with the first concentration of 0 mg/dL. We recorded the absorbance and repeated the test for a total of 5 readings. We did this for each concentration. We then calculated the average of each concentration’s absorbance readings and plotted the averages onto the graph. Once we had gathered the data for our known concentrations we then repeated the procedure for our unknown concentration. We again took the average and plotted that on the absorbance curve to determine the concentration of the unknown. Observations and Data: Calibration Standard| Absorbance Reading 1| Absorbance Reading 2| Absorbance Reading 3| Absorbance Reading 4| Absorbance Reading 5| AverageAbsorbance Reading| 0 mg/dL| 0. 007| 0. 010| 0. 007| 0. 005| 0. 006| 0. 07| 0. 5 mg/dL| 0. 032| 0. 036| 0. 037| 0. 041| 0. 038| 0. 037| 1. 5 mg/dL| 0. 098| 0. 100| 0. 098| 0. 099| 0. 096| 0. 098| 2. 5 mg/dL| 0. 150| 0. 149| 0. 153| 0. 154| 0. 150| 0. 151| 3. 5 mg/dL| 0. 234| 0. 239| 0. 237| 0. 250| 0. 229| 0. 238| 5. 0 mg/dL| 0. 286| 0. 287| 0. 288| 0. 292| 0. 291| 0. 289| Unknown A| 0. 241| 0. 238| 0. 239| 0. 241| 0. 241| 0. 239| Based on the data from the known concentrations I found our unknown to be a concentration of 3. mg/dL. Conclusions: We used a spectrophotometer to determine the conce ntration curve for the known samples then used both the spectrophotometer and the concentration curve to determine the concentration of the unknown sample. This technique can be used by toxicologists to determine the amount of drugs in a person’s blood. This can be helpful if there was an overdose or if the district attorney needed to know the concentration of drugs in someone’s system.

7 Tips for Writing a Poor Recommendation Letter

7 Tips for Writing a Poor Recommendation Letter You already know that writing a letter of recommendation is challenging. Weve talked about how to make it easier, specifically, what to ask of students, how to get started, and the characteristics of a good letter. A bad or poor letter of recommendation 1. Is neutral. Glowing letters of recommendation are the norm. A neutral letter is the kiss of death to a students application. If you cant write glowingly positive letter, dont agree to write on a students behalf because your letter will hurt more than help. 2. Has errors, such as typos and grammar mistakes. Errors suggest carelessness. How good a student is this if youre not willing to run his or her letter through a spell-check? 3. Discusses weaknesses without discussing strengths. If a student has an important weakness, you ca mention it, but remember to discuss many many strengths to balance it out. 4. Provides no examples or data to support statements. Why should the reader believe that a student is meticulous, for example, if you havent given an example to explain how? 5. Shows that the letter writer has little experience and contact with the student. Dont write letters for students you dont know. They will not be helpful letters. 6. Is not based on relevant academic or applied experiences. A letter for a student that you have had no academic or supervisor experience with will not help his or her application. Dont write for students who are friends or family members. 7. Is late. Sometimes incomplete applications are tossed after the deadline. Even the most fantastic letter will be of no help then.

The Red Turban Rebellion in China

The Red Turban Rebellion in China Disastrous floods on the Yellow River washed away crops, drowned villagers, and changed the rivers course so that it no longer met up with the Grand Canal. The hungry survivors of these catastrophes began to think that their ethnic-Mongol rulers, the Yuan Dynasty, had lost the Mandate of Heaven. When those same rulers forced 150,000 to 200,000 of their Han Chinese subjects to turn out for a massive labor corvee to dig out the canal once more and join it to the river, the laborers rebelled. This uprising, called the Red Turban Rebellion, signaled the beginning of the end for Mongol rule over China. The first leader of the Red Turbans, Han Shantong, recruited his followers from the forced laborers who were digging out the canal bed in 1351. Hans grandfather had been a sect leader of the White Lotus sect, which provided the religious underpinnings for the Red Turban Rebellion. Yuan Dynasty authorities soon captured and executed Han Shantong, but his son took his place at the head of the rebellion. Both Hans were able to play upon their followers hunger, their displeasure at being forced to work without pay for the government, and their deep-seated dislike of being ruled by barbarians from Mongolia. In northern China, this led to an explosion of Red Turban anti-government activity. Meanwhile, in southern China, a second Red Turban uprising began under the leadership of Xu Shouhui. It had similar complaints and goals to those of the northern Red Turbans, but the two were not coordinated in any way.   Although the peasant soldiers originally identified with the color white (from the White Lotus Society) they soon switched to the much luckier color red. To identify themselves, they wore red headbands or hong jin, which gave the uprising its common name as the Red Turban Rebellion. Armed with makeshift weapons and farm implements, they should not have been a real threat to the Mongol-led armies of the central government, but the Yuan Dynasty was in turmoil. Initially, an able commander called Chief Councillor Toghto was able to put together an effective force of 100,000 imperial soldiers to put down the northern Red Turbans. He succeeded in 1352, routing Hans army. In 1354, the Red Turbans went on the offensive once more, cutting the Grand Canal.  Toghto assembled a force traditionally numbered at 1 million, although that is no doubt a gross exaggeration.  Just as he began to move against the Red Turbans, court intrigue resulted in the emperor dismissing Toghto. His outraged officers and many of the soldiers deserted in protest of his removal, and the Yuan court was never able to find another effective general to lead the anti-Red Turban efforts. During the late 1350s and early 1360s, local leaders of the Red Turbans fought among themselves for control of soldiers and territory. They expended so much energy on each other that the Yuan government was left in relative peace for a time. It seemed as if the rebellion might collapse under the weight of different warlords ambition. However, Han Shantongs son died in 1366; some historians believe that his general, Zhu Yuanzhang, had him drowned. Although it took two more years, Zhu led his peasant army to capture the Mongol capital at Dadu (Beijing) in 1368. The Yuan Dynasty fell, and Zhu established a new, ethnically-Han Chinese dynasty called the Ming.

Attacking Cryptography Computer Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Attacking Cryptography Computer Security - Essay Example Operating Systems store information about commonly used programs and through the network, programs such as KeePass can read encrypted files, posing a serious attack to cryptography as a data protection technique. Even so, the challenge for KeePass is that it operates for a limited duration beyond which it does not have the capability to read encrypted files. A number of encrypted data files stored in the various cache locations are at risk of attacks by such malicious program as KeePass. These programs can study the number of times a cryptographic system used the same cache locations (Dong & Chen, 2012). This study investigates and presents cryptographic attack trees which illustrate the methods Charlie can use to read Alice’s data files in the data transfer channel. KeePass can use the memory address information in the network to access the locations of the files using a set of secret coded access keys in the operation (Vacca, 2012). The attack trees demonstrate a clear and r eliable procedure for studying the access keys considering the information on the patterns of memory access. The trees have to show the possibility of KeePass increasing its speed of data search in order to access the secret keys within a fraction of a second to enable the actual attack on cryptographic process to be successful. 2. Possibilities of Attack Out of the study, the expectation is to discover ways of improving cryptography as a means of data protection. Various computer security firms provide information about data protection methods, encryption and decryption being one of them (Echizen, Kunihiro & Sasaki, 2010). The experts in the field of information security use special software applications to block hackers from accessing information from their servers and in the entire unsecure channels in the networks. These hacker-proof programs are the targets of cryptography attack, using the same strategies as KeePass. Another common open source hacker-proof application in the g lobal network is triple-DES security. In essence, it is intriguing to realize that secure channels are also at risk of being broken into at any time. Cryptography has for a long time been among the safest methods for transferring information in the global data transfer networks. With the possibility of breaking through the unbreakable security calls for newer ways of improving the cryptographic designs apart from discovering other alternative options of data protection (Handschuh & Hasan, 2005). The capability of KeePass and other key cracking software programs is a real proof that even strong cryptography keys get broken into. This implies that there are attacks that are beyond the capability men. Information security experts must first exhaustively identify the sources of cryptographic attacks (Anupam, 2009). This can be done through designing ways of modeling threats of attacks against computer systems. This requires a god understanding of all possible ways through which system a ttacks can be possible. This study focuses on ways of designing counterattacks methods such as access key protection in order to frustrate the possible attacks. 2.1. Key Protection The possibility of information attacks emerges as a result of ignorance of information

Integrated Campaign Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Integrated Campaign Strategy - Essay Example In the car market, businesses face stiff competition, since every product has to match the current tastes and preferences of the consumer. Similarly, different classes of and demographically varying groups will exhibit different wants; thus, the product needs customization to reach the various consumer groups effectively and efficiently. The following defines a brief protocol that Zamda Motors could use to competitively, sell the new â€Å"2.2†two seater car to the youths. Zamda motors started manufacturing vehicles in the year, 1970. Since then, the company has little pride to show from the market, due to stiff competition. The company meets competition from fellow Japanese companies, for example, Toyota, and Honda. The competitors have large market share following tremendous growth over the period they survived in the market. Toyota and Honda draw customers closer due to the satisfaction that their products offer. Therefore, Zamda Company needs to analyze the features that e nable competitors to rule in the market and strategically define and acquire a profitable market share. The company must decide to increase features to the model it wishes to introduce in the market. Therefore, Zamda decides to penetrate the market with the current two seater sporty model, which will lure youths into the buying process. The outreach targets precisely, male and females ranking at the ages of 22 to 34. The company elaborates on the fuel effectiveness of the car thus drawing a consideration that, the customers’ expenditure patterns do not increase in relation to maintenance of the purchase. Zamda Motor Company will identify the target customer, and persuade them to place purchases following the outstanding features installed in the vehicle model. The â€Å"2.2† car model is one of the best cars in the current American market relating to the dynamic change that is forcing consumers to seek comfort, driving experience, and sense belonging to a certain group of the society. The company is targeting the needs of the American youths in all genders, to offer satisfaction. Zamda Company assures the customers that the vehicle model targets to suit their needs satisfactorily. The company defines the car’s features as sporty, fuel efficiency, durability, considerable price, and modernized to the current technologies. Zamda states clearly that this is the only model that delivers satisfaction to the current needs above the vehicles offered by rival companies. The company’s researchers reveal that, many youths in America seek to own new cars, but financial capabilities deprive them of the opportunity. The company further derives information that, most of the available cars enter the American market with considerably higher prices such that, the willing buyer lacks the ability to place an order. Zamda identifies that, despite the history of competitors, most of them target the rich customers, aging, and adults at the age of 35 year s. Therefore, the youths who also seek driving experiences to acquire comfort tend to remain unattended to despite the fact that they constitute to the better portion of the population. To that extent, the company seeks to satisfy this market segment, which lacks consideration from other key players. The company identified that, most of the youths at the ages of 22

Stakeholder Anaylsis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stakeholder Anaylsis - Essay Example Person A wants to buy a part for his new product. He has selected three companies to choose. Each company has some history that will influence the purchasing decision of the customers. Person A needs to know which supplier to contract (Friedman and Miles 15). A stakeholder is any person with a special interest in an entity and who influences an entity’s decision and is also influenced by the decisions made by an entity. They are the customers, creditors, employees, owners, shareholders and the society (Friedman and Miles 15). Stakeholder number one are the customers. They are the end users of the invented product (the bike rack). Stakeholder number two are the employees. They are the source of the effort and skills of producing the parts of the bike rack and the bike rack. Stakeholder number three is the society. The entity’s activities either causes the economic and social development or damage to the society. The following factors will be used to compare the top three stakeholders mentioned earlier: the product cost, employee treatment, and social effect (Friedman and Miles 15). The reactions of the stakeholders to the three suppliers has a great bearing on the future sales of bike rack, thus, will influence the future performance of the company. The stakeholder analysis has been done based on three factors such as the price, the employee treatment, and the social effect of the three suppliers. Based on the stakeholder analysis in the above table, company 3 (supplier number 3) is the best among the three. In addition, all the three stakeholders consider company three as the best. For this reason, Person A should sign a contract with company 3 in order to appeal to more stakeholders and improve

Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Ambulance Paramedics Essay

Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Ambulance Paramedics - Essay Example Critical incident stress debriefing is an intervention that is purposed to promote the effective processing of distressing events through normalization of reactions and preparation for anticipated future experiences (Feder, 2008). There is a treatment that is designed to take care of the emergency service personnel who could attend the critical incident session voluntarily or when instructed by a superior. The main aim of the review that was conducted was to identify literature that is related to interventions aimed at preventing and treating the disorder. Though emergency work is rewarding, the emergency personnel are more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress in long term and short term. This is because they are supposed to deal with potentially traumatizing circumstances. Some of the distressing situations include: mass incidents, major fires, burns patients, murder scenes, violent scenes, accident involving children, cot death and many others (Frieman, 2003). It is clear that emergency medical technicians are at higher risk of stress compared to other medical professionals and fire-fighters; they normally get involved in disasters and may be at high risk of severe stress disorder, which can lead to post-traumatic stress. ... Various research methods were used in this review and it is clear that, various databases were performed and research strategy made as wide as possible. These research methods included hand searching for journals, internet searching, keywords to search online database among others. The research that was done showed that the mass disasters are the major contributors of stress and that emergency workers are always the victims of this disorder (Feder, 2008). Medical study was carried to evaluate the risks of stress and to summarise the methodological limitations of the conducted research. The limitations found include: varying degree of trauma, small sample size and lack of uniformity, low response rate, sampling bias, non-prospective studies, no control group and timing variance. The researchers concluded that, it was not possible to fully determine the effectiveness of critical incident stress and it was cautious to conduct a proper evaluation. A recent review recommended that research should be on psychological debriefing of emergency attendance as a main concern for the study. According to Brewin (2005), methodological matters concern with determination of the level of psychological impairment after a disastrous incident. The methodological issues include: comparability issues and dimensions of disaster. The discussion of these issues was done, including the need to precisely define the study cases and population. Some researchers were concerned with the interpretation of questionnaire and the interview results; these can give different psychopathological estimates. Moreover, the type of data that was collected varies broadly and this leads to problems of generalisation of results. The aspect of

Dissertation Topic Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dissertation Topic Proposal - Essay Example t to research because it defines not only the need for working with leaders but it also gives an opportunity to organizations to understand the coaching relationship. According to Ennis, Goodman, Hodgetts, et.a. (2005), coaching is a process and central to this process is the ability of the coach to help a leader develop to their full potential in an organization. Many organizations find that exemplary leadership must be retained in their reengineering or restructuring efforts and often the way to retain them is through fostering executive coaching. Executives bring about change, and this researcher will look at change management and how it can be implemented within a health care organization using executive coaching. Coaching executives are needed by large and small organizations to evaluate the behaviors of their employees, their attitudes at work, their level of enthusiasm and motivation and the factors that influence them to have a positive outlook towards their job According to Giglio, L & Diamante, T & Urban, J.M (1998) organizations are willing to provide a coach for senior level managers when it is perceived that the executive is in trouble, is going to be in trouble, or when the executive has isolated himself/herself from the senior level team. The time for executive coaching seems to be best done before the individual is in trouble because change usually generates from the decision making level of an organization. The change agent can be defined as a manager who is there to reconfigure an organization’s roles, responsibilities, structures and the output Saka,A(2002). Executive coaching is important to the restructuring or re-engineering of a healthcare organization in order for its leaders to move forward. In moving forward, a leader becomes a change agent who helps motivate employees, help them accept change on an ongoing basis and helps to empower the employees. The purpose of this research is the identification of the role of executive coaching

Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Ambulance Paramedics Essay

Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Ambulance Paramedics - Essay Example Critical incident stress debriefing is an intervention that is purposed to promote the effective processing of distressing events through normalization of reactions and preparation for anticipated future experiences (Feder, 2008). There is a treatment that is designed to take care of the emergency service personnel who could attend the critical incident session voluntarily or when instructed by a superior. The main aim of the review that was conducted was to identify literature that is related to interventions aimed at preventing and treating the disorder. Though emergency work is rewarding, the emergency personnel are more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress in long term and short term. This is because they are supposed to deal with potentially traumatizing circumstances. Some of the distressing situations include: mass incidents, major fires, burns patients, murder scenes, violent scenes, accident involving children, cot death and many others (Frieman, 2003). It is clear that emergency medical technicians are at higher risk of stress compared to other medical professionals and fire-fighters; they normally get involved in disasters and may be at high risk of severe stress disorder, which can lead to post-traumatic stress. ... Various research methods were used in this review and it is clear that, various databases were performed and research strategy made as wide as possible. These research methods included hand searching for journals, internet searching, keywords to search online database among others. The research that was done showed that the mass disasters are the major contributors of stress and that emergency workers are always the victims of this disorder (Feder, 2008). Medical study was carried to evaluate the risks of stress and to summarise the methodological limitations of the conducted research. The limitations found include: varying degree of trauma, small sample size and lack of uniformity, low response rate, sampling bias, non-prospective studies, no control group and timing variance. The researchers concluded that, it was not possible to fully determine the effectiveness of critical incident stress and it was cautious to conduct a proper evaluation. A recent review recommended that research should be on psychological debriefing of emergency attendance as a main concern for the study. According to Brewin (2005), methodological matters concern with determination of the level of psychological impairment after a disastrous incident. The methodological issues include: comparability issues and dimensions of disaster. The discussion of these issues was done, including the need to precisely define the study cases and population. Some researchers were concerned with the interpretation of questionnaire and the interview results; these can give different psychopathological estimates. Moreover, the type of data that was collected varies broadly and this leads to problems of generalisation of results. The aspect of

Using Critical Thinking When Believing in Extrasensory Perception Essay

Using Critical Thinking When Believing in Extrasensory Perception (Psychology course) - Essay Example Mike used the success of a fortuitous prediction as a basis to ignore previous failures. Thus, this scenario demonstrates some of the features associated with the fallacy of positive instances. Mike has recalled and relied on a solitary event (the â€Å"hit†), in this case a phone call from his old sweetheart, to justify his assertion that he has extrasensory perception. There is no evidence that Mike can accomplish this feat regularly; indeed, there is no evidence that he has ever done this before. The analysis, therefore, must rest on this single occurrence. The second major characteristic of the fallacy of positive instances is also evident; in this case, for instance, Mike seems to ignore or assign as irrelevant the fact that he was incorrect in predicting the identity of many callers in the past (â€Å"misses†). In this way, Mike is relying on an extraordinarily selective event to assert a larger truth. In this case, his assertion is not justified because he relies on a single hit to the exclusion of many more misses. The romantic attractions of extrasensory perception are present in this scenario. That a psychic can appear in an educational setting, adorned with the trappings of intellectual discipline, and then successfully predict that two students will share the same birthday is impressive. A consequent sense of awe is natural. It is natural because of the statistical improbability of the psychic being correct. This scenario, because of this statistical characteristic, demonstrates the fallacy of innumeracy. The fallacy of innumeracy assumes that individuals may opt to believe that a chance occurrence cannot be explained through any rational means; more particularly, lacking an understanding of statistics or probabilities, people may choose to believe that an event is impossible absent some extrasensory power or insight. This type of fallacy can be applied to this scenario. In this case, there are twenty-four

Managing Cultural Diversity Essay Example for Free

Managing Cultural Diversity Essay The following paper brie y debates the rhetoric of managing diversity and considers whether managing diversity is a distinct approach to managing people or a means of diluting equal opportunities in UK organizations. With respect to the realities of the concepts in UK organizations, empirical data from a survey of sixty UK human resource professionals and general line managers is presented. We pose a number of cautionary questions, including what does it matter and to whom? By doing so we intend to encourage further critique and challenges in respect to the concept of managing diversity in organizations. Keywords: Managing diversity, equal opportunities, HRM/D, rhetoric, reality Introduction Today the workforce does not look, think, or act like any workforce of the past, nor does it hold the same values, have the same experiences, or pursue the same needs and desires (Jamieson and O’ Mara 1991). The composition of today’ s workforce has changed signi cantly in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, culture, education, disabilities, and values. Running parallel to these changes is the shift in thinking by human resource theorists and practitioners with regard to addressing equality in the workplace (Cooper and White 1995; Liff and Wacjman 1996). This shift is underpinned by the emergence of the business case argument for equal opportunities, as opposed to the persuasive debate for social justice or equal opportunities as ‘ correcting an imbalance, an injustice or a mistake’ (Thomas 1990). There is now a view that, after twenty years of the ‘ stick’ of legal compliance (which has achieved little), the ‘ carrot’ of underpinning the business case for equal opportunities will perhaps achieve more (Dickens 1994). The business case argument for equal opportunities in organizations is often termed ‘ managing or valuing diversity’ , but, as with most contemporary Human Resource Development International ISSN 1367-8868 print/ISSN 1469–8374 online  © 2000 Taylor Francis Ltd http://www. tandf. co. uk/journals 420 Peer-Reviewed Articles anagement issues, the underlying principles and interpretation of this concept are open to mass interpretation, criticism, and indeed misunderstanding. D. Miller (1996) argues that the significant widening of the meaning of equal opportunities has brought with it more complex and confusing messages for employers and practitioners. By drawing on literature and empirical data, we consider whether mana ging diversity is a distinct approach to managing people or a means of diluting equal opportunities in UK organizations and pose a number of cautionary questions, including: what does it matter and to whom? By doing so, we intend to encourage further critique and challenges in respect to the concept of managing diversity in organizations. What is managing diversity? Thomas (2000) argues that, with the growing number of mergers and acquisitions, workforce diversity will become more of a priority for organizations and, therefore, in the future, people will become clearer on what diversity is and how to manage it. As with the debates surrounding de nitions of human resource management and development (HRM/D), managing diversity as a concept means different things to different people. It can relate to the issue of national cultures inside a multinational organization (Hofstede 1984); it can relate to the further development of equal opportunities or to a distinct method of integrating different parts of an organization and/or managing people strategically. Much of the literature regarding managing diversity relates to the US experience, where the concept is particularly popular; a re ection perhaps of the more pronounced diversity of workforce composition (Cassell 1996). In a recent report 1999), a Department of Education in America described managing and valuing diversity as a key component of effective people management, arguing that it focuses on improving the performance of the organization and promotes practices that enhance the productivity of all staff. Their dimensions of diversity include gender, race, culture, age, family/carer status, religion, and disability. The de nition provided also embraces a range of individual skills, educational quali cations, work experience and background, languages, and other relevant attributes and experiences which differentiate individuals.

Managing Oneself By Peter F Drucker Management Essay

Managing Oneself By Peter F Drucker Management Essay In his article, Managing Oneself, Peter F. Drucker establishes the correlation between success and self-awareness. Success in the knowledge economy comes to those who know themselves, their strengths, their values, and how they best perform. We will be able to achieve results, remain competitive and be successful by knowing our strengths and limitations. Furthermore, by knowing our strengths and limitations, we can position ourselves where we can best contribute and excel within the organization. Drucker suggests a self-assessment using the following questions. What Are My Strengths? Learning more about our strengths can be done through feedback analysis, and also by comparing expectations versus results. Knowing what our strengths are will allow us to maximize our potential in areas in which we can excel, instead of wasting time trying to cultivate skills in areas of little or no proficiencies. Knowing our strengths will let us determine where we belong. How Do I Perform? The way we perform is a matter of personality. Everyone performs differently and how we perform is unique. Recognizing if we are a reader or a listener, as well as, identifying how we learn, can help us find out how we perform. Understanding how we perform is essential to prevent wasting time and effort in trying to change the way we learn and operate. Instead, it is far more advantageous to improve our performance and try not to take on work we cannot perform well or perform at all. What Are My Values? To work in an organization whose value system is unacceptable or incompatible with ones own condemns a person both to frustration and to non-performance. People and organizations have values. In order to perform well or be effective in an organization, both the values of the organization and the individual must be close enough so they can co-exist. Value conflicts can result in frustration and poor or non-performance; therefore, values should be a primary focus in situations in where personal values are not in sync with an organizations. Where Do I Belong? Knowing our strengths, how we perform and our values can help us answer the question, where do we belong. This is important because by knowing where we belong, we can place ourselves where we can make the greatest contributions within the organization. It also can help us to select the tasks and responsibilities in which we are more likely to excel based on what we know about our strengths, performance and values. What Should I Contribute? Or what should my contributions be? Contributions to our organizations should make a difference for the better. Its results should be visible and measurable. In addtion, contributions should be based on our given strengths, performance and values, and follow a course of action: what to do, where and how to start, and what goals and deadlines to set. Managing oneself requires a high degree of self control, self awareness and social skills. Since we are all part of society, we all should be aware of our relationship responsibilities. This is recognizing that an organizations composition includes people with different values, strengths and performance levels, knowing them will help us work better with others and accomplish more. With regard to relationship responsibilities, it is also important to take responsibility for communication. Effective communication helps to build consensus, increasing efficiency and building trust. Through effective communication, we can learn and understand members of our organizations to ensure we are in sync to achieve our goals and provide our greatest contributions to our firms and society. What Leaders Really Do By John P. Kotter In his article, What Leaders Really Do, Kotter establishes the difference between managing and leading. The key distinction he makes is that management involves coping with complexity and leadership has to do with coping with change. Good management brings a degree of order and consistency to key dimensions like the quality and profitability of products. According to Kotter, managers promote stability while leaders press for change, and only organizations that embrace both sides of that contradiction can thrive in turbulent times. Although there are clear differences between managing and leadership, effective leadership cannot be achieved without good management. Management has to do with objectives and results. It does require planning, organizing, leading and controlling. An effective manager will find or will administer the necessary technical and human resources to get things done effectively; this is, with the lowest cost and in the fastest time. Leadership, in contrast, has to do with the social aspect of managing. In our organizations, leaders set up the direction and vision. A manager will make sure to plan accordingly and direct the necessary resources to follow the direction or vision of our leaders in their organization. Kotter also lists the following as activities that leaders dont do; They dont make plans, they dont solve problems, they dont even organize people. What leaders really do is prepare organizations for change and help them cope as they struggle through it. Leaders inspire change and prepare organizations to manage change. However, based on my work experience, I disagree with the author on the idea that leaders dont plan, solve problems or that they dont organize One can argue that a leader may not has the same level of involvement as a middle manager or supervisor in performing these activities; however effective leaders do have to make plans, resolve problems and organize even move people. The degree of contribution of a leader carrying out these actions will depend on the type of leader they are, the situation they are in and organization they are leading. Another idea that is presented in this article is that leadership has nothing to do with having charisma or other exotic personal ity traits. Although it is true that being charismatic is not a requirement to be a leader, it has been demonstrated by many studies and theories that a charismatic leader has a positive effect on their followers. People want to be led by these individuals They inspire and motivate, which in turn makes it easier for a leader to effectively influence others to act or change and work toward achieving the leaders vision. After all, this is the very essence of effective leadership, to inspire and influence others to act and change. What makes a leader? By Daniel Goleman The term emotional intelligence was introduced by Daniel Goleman in 1995. In his research at nearly 200 large global companies, he found that in addition to intellectual abilities and technical skills, effective leaders are alike in having a high degree of emotional intelligence. The five components of emotional intelligence are: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills. The first three components of emotional intelligence are self-management skills, the last two have to do with the persons ability to manage relationships with others. Why emotional intelligence is so important for leaders? Self-Awareness and Self-Regulation: The ability to recognize, understand and control our emotions plays an important role in decision making in business. People who know how their feelings and impulses affect them and affect others, can make better decisions and can adapt to changes more easily. Motivation: Effective leaders are driven to achieve. Their passion goes beyond money and status. Motivation ensures organizational commitment and plays a role in the levels of optimism within the organization. Empathy: Carefully consider employees feelings along with other factors in decision making. People feel better when they are led by someone who cares and understands them. Empathy impacts productivity and effectiveness in team work and in retaining talent. Social Skills: Knowing that in business, as well as, in many other professional fields, nothing important is accomplished individually. Using effective interpersonal skills and networking allows leaders to effectively get the job done through others. In the organizations in which I have been a member of, emotional intelligence has made the difference between effective and ineffective leaders. On many occasions, high technical and intellectual skills of managers have not been enough to make them effective in their efforts to lead teams or the organization in general. In contrast, managers and CEOs who seem to know themselves well, understand and control their emotions, seem to project their positive attitude and approach onto other members of the organization. They can see the bigger picture in situations of conflict or problems. They remain in control, not allowing their feelings or emotions to interfere with their decision making process, and come up with creative solutions that others within the organization were unable to see (perhaps because they let their feelings and negative thoughts get in the way). They remain optimistic and can efficiently motivate others even in situations when the odds for success seem against them. T hey also show empathy and genuinely care about others; many of them are involved in activities or programs that help their communities or are mentors for their employees. There is consensus in the way they are perceived. Everyone agrees they are people persons with a natural ability to maintain and build relationships in and outside the organization. More than relationships, they establish bonds, partnerships and networks that help to influence to get the job done effectively. More importantly, they seem to always look for the upside or positive side of an issue and make people feel good about being part of the organization, which has a direct effect on productivity and success. They lead by example and treat everyone with respect. For me, these traits and abilities represent what emotional intelligence is and they are as important as technical and intellectual skills in order to lead effectively. Mastering the components of emotional intelligence can make the difference in the effe ctiveness of a leader. What Every Leader Needs to Know About Followers By Barbara Kellerman There is no leader without follower(s). The relationship leader-follower can be described as interdependent. They need each other to exist, and they impact each others actions and behaviors. Many of us share the perception that a follower is someone who willing accepts anothers ideas, vision or assignments, sometimes unconditionally or without questioning the purpose or reason their leader has. Historically, because leaders were in positions of power or authority, followers simply acted as compliant subordinates. According to Barbara Kellerman in her Harvard Business Review article, What Every Leader Needs to Know About Followers, the relationship leaders-followers has changed. A confluence of changes- cultural and technological ones in particular- have influenced what subordinates want and how they behave, especially in relation to their ostensible bosses. The advances in technology and globalization have resulted in less usable power for leaders. Followers now have access to inform ation and tools that were not available to them in the past. The trend in todays business environment is that followers think of themselves and act more as free agents by not being totally dependent on or submissive to their leaders ideas or objectives. More often than not, followers now can challenge leaders decision. For this reason, leaders are now more careful in the way they treat their followers. They are aware that their actions may be subject to scrutiny, not only by their followers, but also by their organization and the society as a whole. Additionally, because power is now shared in most modern organizations, leaders look for followers feedback and support. At the same time, followers can impact a leaders behavior. For example, they can withhold support from a bad leader and support good ones, or organize themselves to pursue an objective that challenges or blocks their leaders action. Just as there are different types of leaders, there are different types of followers. In general, having high technical skills, knowledge and emotional intelligence are associated with being a good leader. Leaders and followers have similar traits or characteristics; their differences are related to their behaviors and roles. In my personal experience, good followers challenge their leaders. With their knowledge and use of available information, they invest time in making judgments about their leaders. They also contribute to a cause or organization with their engagement and passion. Good followers also actively support a leader who is effective and ethical, and will actively oppose an ineffective or unethical lerader. Good leaders are essential for successful businesses. At the same time, good followers have a direct impact on strengthening their leaders actions through their support or weakening their leaders to their lack thereof.

African-American Civil Rights Movement of 1955-1968 Essay -- Black Civi

The series of African-American Civil Rights movements, which stretched from 1955 to 1968, aimed at restoring the rights of African-American people and liberating them from social and racial discrimination. This movement changed the social and political structure of the United States. The main catch was that the movement accomplished successful results following the ‘nonviolent resistance’, establishing the fact that the Christian religion believed in peace and equality. BIRTH OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS United States, since its foundation has endured racial inequality. The government and other major institutions were administrated by the ‘whites’ and the ‘black’ Americans lacked behind in every aspect of life. The reconstruction period, that started after the defeat of the Confederate States of America, lasted for twelve years starting from 1865 to 1877.The elections of 1876 brought an end to this era in which the whites of the Democratic party gained political control in the south while the Republican Party, which mainly constituted of the Blacks, lost terribly because blacks were not allowed to register their votes. By the early 20th centaury, majority of the elected officials in the south were Democrats, the white domination caused increase in the violence on African Americans and they were detained from their rights of education, employment and religion. The consequence was the emergence of the ‘Jim Crow’ system which suppressed and violated the racial and social rights of the African Americans. The conditions in the North and West were comparatively better so most of the African people seek refuge in migration. Previously, the Civil rights movement of 1955 – 1968, with the help of organizations like NAACP (National... ... which was responsible was the division of equal power, took no practical measures in that regard. All in all, this movement was very successful in the general populous and managed to give them a sensation of separate and distinct identity but didnot achieve any remarkable results in the political domain. Conclusion To conclude, Civil Rights Movement of 1955 – 1968 has been the turning point not only in the history of African – American but has also been a source of inspiration and motivation for the further Civil Rights movements, that strived for the equality of gays, women and other minority nations. The key points of the movement were derived from the teachings of Jesus and Mohandas Gandhi and perhaps it was the result of such remarkable teachings that the movement managed to attain triumphant results and turned around the life of the people of America.

Living and Working in a Multicultural Society Essay

One of the major principles of multiculturalism is the equity among various cultural groups living in one community such as a nation. For example, multiculturalism in a certain country seeks the equality among the existing ethnic groups that speak distinct dialects and follow unique cultural practices. None of such groups either dominate the community or take the role of the minority. Thus, multiculturalism competently promotes the awareness and appreciation of other cultures within one’s community which, in effect, help build good living and working conditions among the people in the society. Since multiculturalism â€Å"refers to the presence of people of diverse racial or ethnic backgrounds within a single polity† (Citrin, et al. , 2001, p. 249), its competency rests on how numerous individuals from different racial and ethnic backgrounds are able to interact with one another and produce significant positive results. During the time of the American Revolution, immigrants were considered as inassimilable and, thus, they constitute a threat to the American cultural identity which was predominantly composed of White Protestants (Spencer, 1994, p. 549). Blacks were considered as a minority group and a large number of them were placed under slavery or servitude by the majority group. With the large differences in the social status and individual rights between the White Protestants and the Black Americans during that time, it is not surprising that such differences stood as barriers from attaining an America that is tolerant of multiple races and accepts all individuals as equals regardless of ethnicity. Equal treatment among the minorities was not a significant issue until the time when the American Revolution has ended and the creation of the United States of America has begun. In fact, slavery of Black Americans was not entirely abolished until twenty years after the formal creation of the United States. While the majority group at that time was able to fully participate in various social affairs, most of the members of the minority group were confined to servitude and bondage to their so-called â€Å"masters†. The stark contrast alone between the majority and minority groups was already a seemingly insurmountable status quo that benefited the ruling majority. The lack of multiculturalism as a social movement at that time also hindered the full interactions of the races in America for there was very minimal avenue in which the minority group was given the chance to vent their side. The â€Å"shift in the self-designation of Black Americans†Ã¢â‚¬â€from ‘Negro’ to ‘Black,’ to ‘African American’—apparently describes the change in the position of these individuals in the American society, for instance (Spencer, 1994, p. 548). While the previous barrier concerning the social participation and position of African Americans during and before the American Revolution greatly set-off their group to the minority, it is argued that such earlier perception has not totally withered away (Citrin, et al. , 2001, 252). Still, there are present forms of racial discrimination and racial intolerance that persist in America and some other parts of the world where societies of the past have barely changed through the years. In a sense, not much has changed since African Americans living in urban areas tend to live together in small communities; racial segregation is still apparent in the country even though federal laws were already established to proscribe the treatment of so-called minorities as lesser beings. Living and working in a multicultural society such as the United States do not go easily because the reality from the ground speaks differently from the theories in academic tomes—intolerance and indifference towards the other races living in America remain parts of the contemporary American society in general. President Barack Obama may execute the needed policies to bolster multiculturalism in America but such policies can not easily discount the idea that the conditions of the lives and works of the â€Å"minorities† living in the United States do not always stand at par with those who comprise the larger if not the largest part of American society. References Citrin, J. , Sears, D. O. , Muste, C. , & Wong, C. (2001). Multiculturalism in American Public Opinion. British Journal of Political Science, 31(2), 247-275. Spencer, M. E. (1994). Multiculturalism, â€Å"Political Correctness,† and the Politics of Identity. Sociological Forum, 9(4), 547-567.

Intuition and Decision-Making Essay

This paper basically talks about intuition and leadership and takes into account the intuitive decision making that the leaders take into account while making decisions where adequate knowledge is not available or where there are time constraints. There are a lot of arguments regarding this intuitive decision making by leaders where some people argue that it should not be like that as they may turn out to be wrong and others hold to the fact that at times intuitions lead to the right decision as leaders have this ability to analyze all the available information and make the decision on it along with using their past experience and expertise. The paper will first start by defining what actually intuition is and what makes leaders to promote or prevent decision making using intuitions. Then the paper will take a leaders point of view regarding decision making and how they bring in account all the available information to come up with a decision. In the end, the report will compare decisions made on intuitions with the decisions made upon logical reasoning in order to give a better knowledge to the readers regarding the two concepts and terminologies. Defining Intuition Starting with the report, we all know what decision making is, however, it will be helpful for us to know what exactly intuitions are on which leaders tend to make their decisions on. Intuitions are basically the ability of a person to actually judge or perceive an appropriate outcome without using reasoning and adequate information for that. The word is actually derived from a Latin word that means to â€Å"look inside† and that is exactly what we are talking about in this report. While using intuitions, leaders are able to look into the matters, problems or situations without even making an effort to gather or probe into the matter or its complexities (Aqor, 1986). With intuition, leaders actually tend to break into the thickness of the surface reality through their gutt-feeling, a feeling from inside that may be based on their past experience, a fear based interpretation or the actual leadership quality in their personality. What promotes or prevent leaders from using intuitions Moving on, as we have realized that intuitions are feelings, emotions or responses that are based on your own abilities, thus, it is not always true that they are right, they can also be wrong. A leader may be good in doing so in a lot number of instances but still, he is not sure whether his next intuitive decision will actually lead to the same positive results. Every important matter has its own requirements to mitigate risks and probing into complexities, thus for that purpose leaders do need appropriate information in order to come up with their decisions. However, many leaders fear this because of the fact that there personal bias in shape of their previous good or bad experience to a similar problem can actually influence their decision to a great extent. This personal bias or personal judgment that we are talking about is basically based on personal abilities or past experiences and has very less to do with analyzing the current information that is available (Williams, 2001). Thus, leaders do fear with their intuitive decision making that it can actually make them make a wrong decision. On the other hand, there are instances, where leaders have to take charge of the matter and make decisions on just a small amount of information or at times no information. These are situations where there time and resource constraints and decisions have to be taken. There, the best thing a leader can do to save time and resources in gathering all the relevant information and risk factors is to use intuitive decision making approach. A leader is a qualified team member who is chosen because of his ability to look at things with a broader and a next level thought process, thus team members also tend to conform with their this ability and promote them to take such decision. An example of such decisions can be taken as sales predictions after a natural calamity or a sudden fall in the stock market. Although, the demand would fall due to these circumstances, but it might be the other way round for a leader who is looking at the matter with a different approach using his intuitive decision making ability. Role of decision-making to a leader’s position Moreover, a leader is the person who is actually held responsible for all the actions of his team. His team basically conforms to his decisions and relies on his orders and directions because they also accept him as more capable in decision making and his abilities to solve problems and handle situations. Thus, with all this responsibility, a leader has to make sure that his decisions are correct and the best interest of the project and the team he is looking after. Any false decision can cost him and his team a failure of project. When we talk in management terms, we see that one thing that is always argued is the fact that decisions made upon inadequate information are mostly wrong. However, when we look into the practical world of leaders, can we say that leaders always have the right amount of information at the right time and at the right place? Obviously not is the answer to this question because of the fact that if all information would have been made available to the team, then there was no need of a leader to make decisions. In that case just a checker or manager would have done the job of a leader (Aqor, 1986). But, when we look at the decision making role of a leader, he has to make a large number of decisions everyday for which he might not have all the information and which won’t allow him much time to think upon them otherwise he will have to compromise all other important things that he and his team has to complete. A leader, as we have already discussed is chosen because of his special abilities, and this intuitive decision making skills is a part of them. Although on the surface we might say that while intuitively making decisions, a leader does not takes into account all the information, but he is actually thinking with a different angle and approach using his abilities that other team members cannot(Bealer,1998). Difference between decisions made with logical reasoning and decisions made with intuition In the last part of this report we will now discuss the difference between logical decision making and intuitive decision making. Logical decision making involves a high level of reasoning and data that is analyzed in order to come up with a decision. this approach is mostly advocated by most of the critics because of the fact that through this type of decision making, a leader tends to take into account and mitigate a large number of threats and risks which he might not through intuitive decision making. However, this type of a decision making approach may require more time and resources to come up with the decision (Williams, 2001). Also these decisions are mostly based on the theoretical knowledge and proven facts. For example, as we have seen in a number of stock markets that when people with logical reasoning were un-holding their stocks with losses, there were some others as well who were actually earning by using their intuitive knowledge. On the other hand, as we have discussed above that while making intuitive decisions, a leader might not take much time to make those decisions as they are usually made in circumstances where there are time constraints. Moreover, a leader uses his abilities to reconcile his past experiences and trends to come up with the decision rather than core number, figures and theoretical knowledge only.  Another major difference between the two is that both the types of decisions can actually go in the opposite directions as well as we have already discussed above in the stock market example(Giannini & Rhodes,1978). Conclusion Thus, the report will conclude the discussion with an argument that no one can actually say whether intuitive decision making is good or bad. It all depends on the situation. Yes, it is true that when there is adequate time and resources, the leader should also take into account the other approaches as well but in constraints of time, a leader may take these decisions depending on his abilities. Also we cannot also say which one of the two types of decision making is good or bad for the project because it again depends on the situation that the organization is in. however, as we know that intuitive decision making involves personal bias of leaders as well and may also reflect their personality traits such as risk taker or risk averse, it is recommended that whenever possible, a leader should take into account the logical reasoning approach and compare it with his intuitive perspective before taking any decision as it might make him realize a number of risks that he may have ignored in the first thought.

Phenomenology and the Eucharistic Mass Essay

In the study of communications, reaching a common consensus on how to apply a shared and common understanding of communications seems to be a near impossible task. After being introduced to the seven traditions of communications by Craig in his essay â€Å"Communication Theory as a Field†, I choose to explore the tradition he categorizes as Phenomenology. My initial understanding on the study of communications were quite limited to the transmission view, dominated by a sender and receiver framework. Interestingly, the transmission model in it’s origin was culturally rooted in religion, and used as a tool for the dissemination of Euro centric religious values and practices globally. With advancement in technology, especially in the 1920’s, the North American perspective on communication shifted the transmission model from religion to science to reflect a multidisciplinary approach in to the study of communications. As a practitioner of what was once the transmission view, the Catholic Church had experienced tremendous religious propagation of its message through forcible transmission all over the world. Based on Craig’s essay, the Catholic Church of today then embodies traits of a ritual view of communication, and is aligned with religious communication, and expression such as fellowship, participation, community, communion, and common faith. The phenomenological model of communication shares characteristics with the ritual view that I will be exploring through the Roman Catholic Eucharistic liturgy. The phenomenological tradition described by Craig, â€Å"†¦ conceptualizes communication as dialogue or the experience of otherness† (p. 217). Communication in this tradition is not rooted in verbal transmission but instead a shared experience on plains that extend beyond tradition verbal or textual communication. For the purpose of this paper phenomenological tradition can be seen as a form of communication expressed metaphysically as well. Gadamer’s’ theory from â€Å"Truth and Method†, focus on tradition and language as a primary form of communication. His ideology is that: we are only able to make sense of ourselves and the world around us because our consciousness has been shaped by history and traditions in ways we are largely unaware of†¦ wareness expands our understanding of the tradition. His description of an I-Thou relationship as the question-answer logic that underlies hermeneutic experience creates communication by identifying, hermeneutics, â€Å"that lead to a dialectical process of interpretation and growth of understanding. As a phenomenological practitioner, this theory has very intrinsic value. Communication in this practice provides a very meaningful and existential experience that I am to able to engage in with my Creator, in the absence of any other person. As a Roman Catholic, I have had many questions about the way we participate in mass. My parents grew up on the island of Trinidad, in a devout Catholic community. The Spanish, that had at one time colonized Trinidad, were very committed to their mission of converting the indigenous people of the island. The spread Catholicism throughout the country was profuse, with community churches everywhere, (even building one across the street from my mother’s house), and adding a monastery and seminary college a mile further up the mountainside where my father lived. Catholicism was not just a religion in our community, it was a part of the culture, and employed many of the villagers as they worked for the seminary. My grandparents were in fact Hindu, and converted to Catholicism because of the strong influence and presence it had within the community. As a Roman Catholic child, I had been told to repeat, chant, and act with humility, adoration and reverence during mass. I did not understand what we were doing or what the intention was. I became harder and harder to find meaning in going to church. In my late teens I stopped attending mass because there was no intrinsic connection for me in my faith practice. I remained a spiritual and deeply rooted faith based person, but I could not come to terms with many of the teachings of my church. I stayed out of church for many years. At some point, I became curious about what it meant. I was not looking for a theological understanding per se, but instead, what did â€Å"it† mean? The chanting, the collective response in unison, the prayers itself. What was I blindly repeating every Sunday? I chose to study the teachings of the Catholic Church in university at Newman Theological College to gain a scholarly perspective. Many things became clear, although I did acquiesce on some ideological points, (my own hermeneutical experience). Inspired by my academic insights, I returned to church as a knowledgeable participant of the mass, understanding that as part of the community, I would belong to the collective voice of the fellowship of Christ. The Catholic mass is deeply enriched with both Phenomenological Theory as well as Semiotic Tradition. In some regard you must look at the semiotics in order to fully understand what is being communicated during certain points in the eucharistic liturgy. For the purpose of this paper I will focus on the phenomenological aspects. The Eucharistic liturgy is a two century old tradition, considered the real presence of Christ at the last supper carried out each Sunday, and is considered an integral part of Catholic worship. As Catholics we believe Jesus began a significant new fellowship meal that we observe to this day. It causes us to collectively and intrinsically share in the experience of his sacrifice through his death and resurrection. The description of the liturgy I’m presenting here reflects a very basic summation of the ritual. At the start of the liturgy we are asked to offer ourselves up, and surrender to God. As we participate in the Eucharistic Prayer we are in the act of giving thanks. The congregation is humbled as Christ is transubstantiated from man into the elements of bread and wine. We collectively mourn as Jesus is offered to the Father in sacrifice for the sins of man. We participate in the Lords Prayer, and a prayer for peace. The Holy Spirit is invited to come down upon us and unite the community of worshipers into one body as we prepare to accept the communion, and offer each other a sign of peace. As a community we should be considered one body, ready to receive Christ as a single body in the form of the host. Prior to accepting the communion we collectively humble ourselves stating our unworthiness and asking for compassion and forgiveness for our transgressions. As members of the congregation travel to the the altar, it represents a pilgrimage in this life from a journey of birth to death, and to the heavenly Father. Once each individual receives the host, we communally belong to the larger body of Christ. An aspect of the phenomenological theory of communication as seen by Buber can be practically applied in this example. The I-Thou relationship is present when looking at the relationship each individual member of the ongregation has with their Creator, or even Catholicism itself. The act of worshiping communally creates an experience and awareness of each other that reflects dialogue in Gadamer’s model of phenomenology. Prayer itself is a great example of the I-Thou relationship the Buber describes. Although it contradicts Gadamers â€Å"parallel concept of conversation emphasiz[ing] the object or subject matter of conversation that brings people together in dialogue† (p. 219). Buber also notes that, â€Å"dialogue can be entirely wordless, yet deeply meaningful† (p. 19), and talks about how sacred silence itself can be on page 227, which is evident throughout the moments of the liturgy in which individuals respond on an emotional level through reverence, humility, sorrow, or repentance. Burber’s theory of a person living life with an open mind, open to experience and in essence living the life of dialogue is what resonates most for me. My critical exploration into understanding the Catholic mass has supported my dialogue in prayer with my creator, as well as my participation as a member of the Catholic church. It would be assumed that since developing a clearer understanding of the mass, that I would be regularly attending. That is not the case. What I grew to understand is that I cannot effectively belong to the congregation if I am not intrinsically communicating through action, intention and prayer when I attend. For that reason, I go to church when I have a deeper calling to do so. My I-Thou relationship within my faith is not compromised as I connect to my creator in conversation and prayer every day, however, my I-Thou relationship with the other church goers would be compromised and lacking authenticity if I attend mass out of obligation.

Measuring and Improving Employee Motivation Essay

Measuring and Improving Employee Motivation - Essay Example The performance is stereotypical a feature that implies that the employees can sue him for destroying their reputation and discriminating against them based on their races. Racial segregation is a heinous criminal offense with the American government striving to create a holistic society. Such performances, therefore, derail government’s endeavors targeted at developing a cohesive society. Additionally, the United States underwent a period of intense racial segregation. The animosity that existed among the numerous races impaired the development of the country. To limit the manifestation of the undesirable features, the government banned racial segregation in its attempt to create a cohesive American society. The government thus criminalized numerous social features that would amount to racial discrimination, performing such imitations in a workplace with numerous people from diverse backgrounds amounts to racial discrimination, thus a criminal offense. While none of the emplo yees considered undertaking a legal action against Smith, the stunt was illegal and was an abject portrayal of disregard to the basic values of humanity. In another equal action pact scene in the episode, Michael Scot harasses the Indian woman a feature that prompts the woman to slap him in the face. The act of aggression constitutes a criminal offense and is an unethical practice in an ideal workplace. As such, Michael Scot can readily accuse the woman of battery, which is a serious criminal offense in the country. Additionally, the woman can also accuse Scot of harassment, which is an equally serious offense. Sexual offenses are serious offenses in any society and the fact that the harassment occurs at a workplace worsens the situation. In fact, should Scot press charges for battery, the Indian can readily claim that she acted in self-defense since Scot makes the first move to harass him. The behavior of the two contravenes factors that create a conducive workplace.

Evaluating Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Evaluating Change - Essay Example From this study it is clear that the role of change masters in guiding the change process is to examine the present situation alongside the desired future state and to establish the strategic plan towards achieving that objective; however, the most daunting task for change masters is to get others to buy into the change vision and to support it. Most importantly, honoring the past while moving boldly towards the future is imperative for the success of organizational transformation; nonetheless, it is not uncommon for many organizations to be insensitive to, and to disregard their past in the change process by thinking that the old is bad while the new is good. This paper outlines that during the reform initiative at our workplace, the organizational transformation process was sensitive to, and honored all the past organizational successes and accomplishments, which were all attributed to the smoothness and efficiency of the previous work processes. The change agents were careful not to discard everything about the old processes as bad, especially because they are the firm foundation on which the present position of the organization was built. In this respect, past work designs and task allocation among the staff were hailed as the building blocks upon which the previous successes and accomplishments of our organization were found; as such, the change initiative started off by chatting a way forward from the existing organizational work design. The change masters observed that the prevailing work design was effective and only needed minor adjustments to make it water tight in view of the shifting global business environment because of emerg ing challenges and threats to business survival and profitability.  

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Research paper - Essay Example There are similarities between Chinatown, Oakland’s Oak Park, and my birthplace, Thailand. The three racial/ethnic communities prefer congregating in public squares and meeting people (Wong 8). The Chinatown communities aggregate in Portsmouth Park and Oak Park to exchange pleasantries. Similarly Thai people exchange greetings and stories in their local parts and other public places. People play board games in both Chinatown communities and Thai communities (Subramanian 107). The people of these communities eat food in festive moods. Robert Park states that some ethnic communities use religion to resolve mental health issues as they adjust to the different culture of the host country, while keeping the ethnicity intact (Park, 118). However, there are differences between the first group composed of San Francisco Chinatown community and Oakland Oak Park Chinatown community and the second group of Thai residents. Some of the first group’s communities’ streets are dirty while the Thai communities’ streets are clean. For example, the smell of Portsmouth Park stinks from garbage while Bangkok does have any street garbage, emitting flower-fresh air. Second, there is no order in the first group while strict government control brings order to the Thai community. A visit to both San Francisco Chinatown and Oakland Oak Park shows the people freely throwing litter everywhere. No one takes influential charge of cleaning the garbage. On the other hand, the Thai government hires enough workers to clean the streets of garbage and other eye sores. In terms of space, people in San Francisco Chinatown and Oakland Oak Park are too tightly packed compared Thais living in Bangkok or any Thailand community. The spaces of the apartment rooms have the same size as toilet rooms. On top of that, there are at least 4 people sharing one bedroom

15 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

15 - Coursework Example Heating and cooling service technicians face a difficult task installing a machine in a major city such as Phoenix because of poor air quality due to humidity. This seems to be a huge problem for the citizens residing in these metropolitan areas, who complain of having symptoms caused by bacteria(http://www.phoenixenvironmentallawyer.com). What  Causes  Indoor Air  Problems? Without a doubt, indoor air problems source from inadequate ventilation, pollutants, amount ventilation. Inadequate ventilation is detriment to air since it increases air pollution by not diluting emissions from indoor sources. Poor air ventiliation accounts for 50% percent of air pollution problems. In addition, the cause of indoor air pollution can be displayed by incineration of certain materials such as oil, gas, kerosene and tobacco products. In this case, the age of the particular substance is a critical factor that determines how dangerous the emissions are. The third source for indoor air problems is Amount ventilation. Amount ventilation is harmful because they serve as barriers against outdoor air. High levels of pollutants present in outdoor air entering indoors can be a huge health risks for the residents. All of these factors accumulate to cause an indoor air problem, which continues to pose a threat for the environment. Ask any service technician about identifying a problem, and troubleshooting will be the answer. Troubleshooting is essential because it is standardized set of steps in order to identify the problem. The three phases of basic troubleshooting consist of checking the thermostat settings, inspecting the circuit breaker box, the natural gas line, and finally examining airflow(). Since ventilation remains as a top concern for homeowners, it is vital to understand the main causes that negatively affect ventilation systems. These problems consists of systems design, proportion of

Literacy essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literacy - Essay Example clearly put the whole justice system into a question; whether the evidence of ‘crime’ is the sole criteria of declaring guilty of the prime suspect and whether the crime should be seen from a wider perspectives? The story revolves around the place of crime where ‘Minnie Foster or Mrs. Wright as she is now called’ is accused of murdering her husband. Peter Hale, along with Sheriff and County Attorney visit the house to get the ‘feel’ of the murder and gather clue that might have led to it. Sheriff’s wife and Mrs. Hale also accompany them as some personal items were needed by the Mrs. Wright, who was in custody. While the men folk wander around the scene of the crime, the women remain in the kitchen and try to interpret the events by observing small things that was out of sync with the general way, women work in the house and kitchen. When they notice a block of the quilt that was very different from the rest and looked ‘as if the distracted thoughts of the woman who had perhaps turned to it to try and quiet herself were communicating themselves to her’ (Glaspell, 1993). Both the women perceive the signs that would have been emotionally disturbing for Mrs. Wright, the accused. Finally, when they find the dead canary in the sewing box, they hide the evidence that would have conclusively implicated Mrs. Wright and in their own way, try to give justice to the woman who might have been forced to commit the crime and knew that she would be denied justice if the men found the ‘evidence’! In the literary analysis of the short story by Elaine Hedges that was published in a leading international journal of Women’s studies in 1986, Hedge’s interpretation of the story became highly relevant because they brought into focus the weakness of the legal system that relies heavily on the machinations of ‘evidences’. It also highlights a very pertinent observation in the investigative techniques that are adopted by the two genders. While men like to

Library System Essay Example for Free

Library System Essay Bulua National High School is a leader high school in legislative District 1, located at Barangay Bulua, Cagayan de Oro City which was governed and funded with the Barangay Officials spearheaded by Pedro P. Legaspi. It was in 1970 when the secondary education, Bulua Barrio High School came to an open with two sections in the First year level and the Second year level was opened on the following year until the 4-year high school level was completed. The school was temporarily located at the compound of Bulua Elementary School campus in which they called as squatters. They did not have their permanent classrooms to be used. Sometimes classes were being held under the shades of the Mango and Butterfly trees. They also conduct night classes just to accommodate working students from the neighboring Barangays. Each enrollee was still entitled to pay 10.00 pesos for the freshmen, 15.00 pesos for the sophomores, 20.00 pesos for the juniors and 25.00 pesos for the seniors every month. The fees were received by the hands of the Barangay treasurer. The school was facilitated with 10 teachers and 1 school in-charge only. It was then in 1985 that BBHS became the PILOT SCHOOL of the 1989 Secondary Education Curriculum headed by its school principal Mrs. Enriqueta C. Pabelic. Year after, BBHS became Bulua National High School (BNHS) which was funded already direct from the National Level under the late President Cory Aquino’s administration. Presently, BNHS is located in its owned 1.4 hectare approximately lot donated by the late Congressman Pedro Oloy Roa through the joint effort of Barangay Chairman Pedro P. Legaspi and the late DECS – Division P.E Supervisor, Mr. Bernabe Pabellic for its lot acquisition. Introduction The Library Hub is a program by the Department of Education aiming to address the lack of public libraries across the countries by setting up the library hubs. Library Hub is a novel and unique structure in the Philippines educational system, whereby an infrastructure and new reading materials made possible through collaborative partnerships with stakeholders are provided to public school students for free. To date, DepEd has set up about 50 Library Hubs in a very short span of time throughout the country. These Hubs will be servicing thousands of public schools. Books were placed in plastics. The Library Hubs are housed in existing buildings with an area of at least 250 to 300 square meters. A Library Hub is run by a librarian, library clerk, and utility staff and functions as a book warehouse for public schools in a given district. Each Hub lends books to its designated schools, which in turn lend the books to their students. The provision of reading books for free in the hub is not only for public schools but ALS, SPED, barangay centers, etc. It also serves as a â€Å"wholesale† library exclusively servicing elementary/secondary schools within a division. The hubs operate warehouse style, compared to the traditional public library setupinstead of books being individually placed on shelves; they are stored in plastic bins for storage. These bins would then be checked out and brought by teachers and administrators of public schools to their respective public schools, to be returned after twenty-five days. While at the school, these books can be borrowedor even brought homeby the students until the books are to be returned to the hub. Launched in 2003 by then undersecretary Juan Miguel Luz, the project has now set up library hubs in 32 school divisions all over the country, for a total of around 145 hubs built since 2004. The hubs are financed by both the public and private sector, with major donors having the option to name the hubs whichever way they like. 1. Background of the study The use of computers and various programs are being developed for that certain desire to be done in a short period of time. Manual System for a Library Hub is quite a difficult task to perform. It takes a long period of time in locating and monitoring the availability of the books and can have the tendencies of missing files. That’s why we created this Computerized Library Hub System in order to solve that problem. Our Computerized Library Hub System is a program that is use to update the information about a certain record of books. It allows adding book information immediately and it only takes minutes to search a specific book. It lessens the possibility of missing files unlike the manual system. This system can be able to monitor automatically where, when or who borrowed a book. It also gives more accuracy in processing any transactions. Besides of that, it can help a librarian to work much easier and faster than a manual system. 2. Statement of the Research Problem * A licensed librarian is one of the major concerned problem of Bulua National High School Library Hub. Since they have a what they called â€Å"Acting Librarian† who was also a full time teacher in the school. It takes a long period of time for her to organized the books especially in putting accession number in it and log it in her module. Another concerned is that the books in the library hub has not been arranged in dewey decimal classification which is the main reason why the personnel in-charge and the students has the difficulty in locating the book and to check its availability. * There’s a possibility that the library hub may encounter following problems such loss of records, repetition of data entry and other important details about the books and the one who borrow the book. * How do they record the books? The students will fill a borrower’s card before they can get the book they want to borrow. Then afterwards the in-charge will log the list of the book that has been used or borrowed in the end of the day in the manual notebook. Unfortunately there are times that the in-charge can’t be able to log or record the borrowed books in the manual notebook. * How do the students know if the books are still available? Knowing that the school don’t have a Dewey Decimal Classification in their books, students have difficulties in searching the specific book and it takes too long for them to wait for the librarian to check unto the logbook whether the book is still available or being borrowed. 3. Statement of Objectives 3.1General Objectives This project aims to propose and develop a well-structured and computerized library hub system to help the library hub’s transactions easier, more effective and efficient. 3.2Specific Objectives * To lessen the burden of the user in handling the day by day transactions. * To lessen the possibility of missing files. * To make the process of updating the books efficient and can be done in a short period of time.