How Does The Bus Topology Works Information Technology Essay

How Does The Bus Topology Works Information Technology EssayThe flock topology is a series of nodes which be all connected to a backb one and only(a). Bus cyberspaces typically work well for low-pitcheder meshings and use Ethernet cable systems for ne 2rking. It is easy to cite and troubleshoot in a mess network.How does the BUS topology works The bus topology connects distributively computer on the network into something called the segment t deportk. A bus is usually referred to a cable that connects end to end and this is used to transmit the signals from one end to the other end. At every end a terminator is placed so that it understands in which direction the data is traveling and also the terminator is used to absorb the signalsFigure 1 BUS topologyii. whiz topology A star topology is based on a central node which acts as a hub. A star topology is jet in homes networks where all the computers connect to the hit central computer using it as a hub.How does the hint topology works A star network features a central connection point called a hub that may be a hub, switch or r mold outer. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted partner take away (UTP) Ethernet. Comp atomic hail 18d to the bus topology, a star network generally requires more cable, but a failure in any star network cable testament only take down one computers network access and not the entire LAN.Figure 2 Star topologyiii. Ring topology A basket network is circular in shape and every node will have one node on either side of it. The ring topology is r atomic physical body 18 to come across because of its limitations. If there is damaged cable or breakdown in any one of the nodes then the entire network stops functioning.How does the Ring topology works A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous path instruction for signals through each node a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet. Because a ring topology provides only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks may be break off by the failure of a single link.Figure 3 Ring topologyiv. Mesh topology Mesh topology is a group of nodes which be all connected to each other and many types of connections are possible in a mesh topologyHow does the Mesh topology works In a Mesh nettwork every node is connected to other nodes on the network through hops. Some are connected through single hops and some may be connected with more than one hope. While the data is traveling on the Mesh Network it is automatically tack to reach the destination by taking the shortest avenue which means the least number of hops.Figure 4 Mesh topologyv. Tree topologyThe channelize topology is a group of star networks put together. The only difference is that the head topology follows a hierarchy in structure and the entire tree is dependent on this hierarchy.How does th e Tree topology works Among all the Network Topologies we lowlife derive that the Tree Topology is a combination of the bus and the Star Topology. The tree like structure allows you to have many servers on the network and you tush secernate out the network in many ways.Figure 5 Tree topology occupation -1 (b)The advantages and disadvantages for each medium of network topology.Some of medium are cat5, cat6, case middle, coaxial cable etc.Cat5 social class 5 cable is a twisted pair mellowed signal integrity cable type often referred to as Cat5 or Cat-5. Most cables are unshielded, relying on the twisted pair design for noise rejection, and some are shielded.Figure 6 Cat5 CableThis category of UTP cable is the most commonly used cable in present day networks. It consists of four twisted pairs and is used in those Ethernet networks that run at the speed of 100 Mbps. Category 5 cable can also provide a higher speed of up to honey oil Mbps.Cat6 Category 6 cable, commonly refer red to as Cat-6, is a cable standard for Gigabit Ethernet and other network protocols that are backward compatible with the Category 5/5e and Category 3 cable standards. Compared with Cat-5 and Cat-5e, Cat-6 features more stringent specifications for crosstalk and system noise.Figure 7 Cat6Advantages Cat 6 will be very effective in the residential market to jump higher Internet access speeds.The better equaliser of cat6 will make it easier to meet the residential EMC requirements compared to cat 5e cabling.The growth of streaming media applications to the home will increase the need for higher data rates which are supported more easily and efficiently by category 6 cabling.Disadvantages It transfer data in Gigabytes per seconds.It is costly.Fiber oculus cable Fiber optic cables are made up of glass, and they transmit data in the form of decipherable, unlike the copper wire that uses electrical signals. A reflective coating that allows fall beams to travel without outer interf erence c everyplaces the glass cable.Figure 8 Fiber optic cablesThe advantages of Fiber optic cables are that signals can be sent at a much higher speed and to very long distances without the risk of outer interference.There are more advantages of fiber optic cables are agreement PerformanceGreatly increased bandwidth and capacityLower signal attenuation (loss)Immunity to Electrical NoiseNo crosstalkLower bit misconduct ratesSignal SecurityDifficult to tapOverall System EconomyLow per-channel costLower installation costDisadvantages of fiber optic cable One problems with optical fibers is that the electrical information signals must be converted (modulated) to light at the transmitter and then down converted (demodulated) from light back to electrical signals at the recipient role. The main disadvantage of fiber optics is that the cables are expensive to install and are more fragile than metal wire and are more exhausting to split.Coaxial cable Coaxial cable, or coax, is an el ectrical cable with an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating shape typically of a flexible material with a high dielectric constant, all of which are surrounded by a conductive layer called the shield, and finally covered with a thin insulating layer on the outside.Figure 9 Coaxial cableAdvantages of coaxial cables are Coax has a sufficient frequence range to support multiple channels, which allows for much greater throughput.Compared to twisted-pair, coax provides greater bandwidth systemwide, and it also offers greater bandwidth for each channel. Because it has greater bandwidth per channel, it supports a mixed range of services. Voice, data, and still video and multimedia can benefit from the enhanced capacity.Disadvantages of coaxial cables are More expensive than twisted pairs and is not supported for some network standards (eg token(prenominal) ring), its also very bulky and also has high attenuation so would have the need to implement repeaters etc.Task 1 ( c)From our above probe and determination that BUSS topology is too much vulnerable. Ring topology creates too much redundant link. MASS topology is more expensive and difficult to install. So Star topology will be the opera hat solution for the network of the headquarter of constabulary department in Townsville.Because, according to our investigation here are the attain points.Good performanceReliable (if one connection fails, it doesnt affect others)Easy to replace, install or remove hosts or other devices.There are several medium we have form but we have decided to use Cat6 cable as medium for this network.TASK 2Task 2 (a)After investigate I have many internet service in my country.The Internet overhauls are Broadband Internet assist, Fiber opthalmic Internet armed services, radiocommunication Link Internet Services, radiocommunication local heavens network etc.Broadband Internet Service Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just broadband, is a high data ra te Internet access-.Fiber Optic Internet Service An optical fiber is a glass or plastic fiber that carries light along its length. fiber optics is the overlap of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers.Radio Link Internet Service Radio Link Protocol (RLP) is an automatic repeat request (ARQ) fragmentation protocol used over a wireless (typically cellular) air interfaceWiFi Technology Wi-Fi works with no physical wired connection between sender and receiver by using radio absolute frequency (RF) technology, a frequency within the electromagnetic spectrum associated with radio wave propagation. When an RF current is supplied to an antenna, an electromagnetic field is created that then is able to propagate through space. The cornerstone of any wireless network is an access point (AP).But I think it will be trump out to use Fiber Optic Internet Services for the police force department of Townsville. Because, it has so many advant ages and this may be the best way for the police department of Townsville.Task 2 (b)The police department in Townsville necessarily an own server to maintain their all information that are so confidential. If they use other server then that confidential data may be lost.Server needs to high configured PC with high speed Internet speed, cooling system (because, all time the server will be opened), a big storages and finally it requires the best and secure operate system such as Linux or Windows 200 Server.There are different peck in the headquarter house who needs different type of internet connection based on their designation and certificate of indebtedness. Here is a comparison list of each person to show what internet connection is required for whom.The forefront constable The Chief constable, who is responsible for the policing of that area, needs more powerful build than others. He needs 2 MBPS internet speed.The jock Chief Constable The assistant Chief Constable a ssist to the Chief Constable and he needs higher configuration than others but lower than the Chief Constable a little bit. It needs 1 MBPS internet speed.District commander The policing in each district is the responsibility of a district command. They need 512KBPS internet speed.Deputy District commander The deputy district command assist to the district commander. They need 512 KBPS internet speed.For sergeants and constables from each one district has three sergeants and twenty four constables allocated to it. And they need also 512 KBPS internet speed.The police officers Each district has five police car to patrolling the area and responding the incidents. The police officer also patrols the local area on foot. The police officer needs 512 KBPS for it.A bounteous office Each district has its own large office within the headquarters building and requires a workstation for each district commander and for each deputy district commander. They need 512KBPS for their job.Det ective Chief quizzer They need 1 MBPS internet speeds also. Because, they need to search, make a report, send and get any information easily and quickly.Detective examiner The detective quizzer assist to the Detective Chief Inspector. So they also heed 1 MPBS internet speeds.The civil staff The police department also has twenty civilian staff, responsible for general administration work including operating the tele call off system and general administration duties. They need 512 KBPS internet speed.Task 2 (c)There are so many Internet Service supplier (ISP) in Bangladesh. Such as Accesstel.net http//www.accesstel.net/home.php it has the best package that name Corporate High-Speed Internet.Bangladesh On railroad http//www.bol-online.com/Bijoy Online Limited http//www.bijoy.net/Grameen Cyber Net Limited http//www.gclweb.net/Dhaka Com http//www.dhakacom.com/Task 2 (d)I exhort to use Accesstel.net for Internet Service Providers (ISP). Because, they have more facilities w ith low price.TASK-3Task-3 (a)Characteristics of Private Mobile Radio (PMR) Provides, for example, taxi firms with local radio communications on a single channel.Communications are half duplex, so this requires strict operating procedures to control colloquy (for example use of tonality words such as over and out).Requires a license from the appropriate government department.Bandwidth and channel availability is limited.Coverage area is limited.Disadvantages of PMR Lack of privacy as all communications take place on a single channel that anyone with a suitable radio receiver can listen to.Coverage limitations (25 km radius max). Generally, PRM services have only one base station covering the area of operation of the company. If a mobile unit exceeds these boundaries communications are lost.Public Trunked Mobile Radio (PTMR) PTMR was originally designed for voice communications but it can also support data. It communication area half duplex.Characteristics of PTMR The prime applica tion suited to PTMR is vehicle fleet communications.Half duplex voice communication is provided, using over and out etc. to control conversation flow.Some PTMR radio sets have a data port, usually RS-232. Data is transmitted at 1.2 Kbit/s.Task-3 (b)Legal requirements are Requirements of frequencies For omni directional and point to multi-point system Sl SymbolFrequency Range(Lower Limit Exclusive, UpperLimit Inclusive)1 VLF 330 KHz 200.002 LF 30300 KHz 200.003 MF 3003000KHz 200.004 HF 330 megacycle per second 300.005 VHF 30300 MHz 100.006 ultrahigh frequency1 300 metre MHz 50.007 UHF2 10003000 MHz 30.008 SHF 316 gigahertz 20.009 SHF2 EHF1 1665 GHz 10.0010 EHF2 65300 GHz 1.001 VLF 330 KHz 200.002 LF 30300 KHz 200.003 MF 3003000KHz 200.004 HF 330 MHz 300.005 VHF 30300 MHz 100.006 UHF1 3001000 MHz 50.007 UHF2 10003000 MHz 30.008 SHF 316 GHz 20.009 SHF2 EHF1 1665 GHz 10.0010 EHF2 65300 GHz 1.001 VLF 330 KHz 200.002 LF 30300 KHz 200.003 MF 3003000KHz 200.004 HF 330 MHz 300.005 VHF 30 300 MHz 100.006 UHF1 3001000 MHz 50.007 UHF2 10003000 MHz 30.008 SHF 316 GHz 20.009 SHF2 EHF1 1665 GHz 10.0010 EHF2 65300 GHz 1.001 VLF 330 KHz 200.002 LF 30300 KHz 200.003 MF 3003000KHz 200.004 HF 330 MHz 300.00For UHF, M/W, EHF point to point links per year basis SlFrequency Range (Lower Limit Exclusive, Upper Limit Inclusive)1UHF 1 3 GHz2M/W 3 GHz 16 GHz3M/W 16 GHz 65 GHz4M/W 65 GHz 100 GHz5Above 100 GHzRequirements of license SrlCategory of LicenceLicenseRemarks01International Gateway (IGW) Services4including BTCL02Interconnection Exchange (ICX) Services3including BTCL03International Internet Gateway (IIG) Services2including BTCL04Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)205Cellular Mobile Telecom Operator6including Taletalk06Public Switched rally Network (PSTN) Operator14including BTCL07 across the nation Telecommunication Transmission Network (NTTN) Services Provider208Nationwide Optical Fibre Telecommunication Transmission Network109Pre-Paid Card Service Operator210Vehicle Tracking S ervices311Internet Protocol Telephony Service Provider Nationwide2612Internet Protocol Telephony Service Provider Central Zone413Internet Protocol Telephony Service Provider Zonal314Internet Service Provider Nationwide10115Internet Service Provider Central Zone8116Internet Service Provider Zonal5417Internet Service Provider Category A10218Internet Service Provider Category B1619Internet Service Provider Category C520VSAT User5321VSAT Provider1422VSAT Provider with HUB523 inflict center of attention31524Hosted beseech Centre5825Hosted Call Centre Service Provider4726International Call Centre2Total emergence of Present Licenses925Task-3 (c)Requirements of some equipment are Space/ strand/LandHouse/RoomWirelessHandsetsCableTransmitter etc.The estimation cost for everything to setup this system Frequency cost 200 taka or more for per Khz in per year.Equipment cost around 1000000 taka.So, total estimating cost around 10,000000 or above.Task-3 (d)Limitation of PMR Lack of pr ivacyCoverage limitations (25 km radium max)Congestion, as many users are assigned to a single channel.Limitation of PTMR It has time limitation, if large amounts of data have to be transmitted.Task-3 (e)I root on using Private Mobile Radio (PMR) to set up voice communication. Because, it has not noise, cost efficiency, frequency rate good, international standard, Confidentiality etc.TASK 4Task 4 (a)The main equipment that would be installed are Telephone instruments.Private process Exchanges (PBXs). notice Telephone Systems (KTSs).Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) systems.Voice touch on Systems.Telephone Answering Machines.Telephone Call Information Loggers (CIL).Facsimile Machines.Modems.Local Area Network (LAN) Bridges.Local Area Network (LAN) Routers.Multiplexers.Task 4 (b)The on hand(predicate) features for this systems are PBXsA private branch flip-flop (PBX) is a telephone exchange that serves a particular business or office, as opposed to one that a common carrier or telephone company operates for many businesses or for the general public.PBXs are also referred to as* PABX private automatic branch exchange* EPABX electronic private automatic branch exchangeFigure 10 How PBX worksFeatures of PBXs Account Code Account code for dialing callsAlternate Number Ring Assign a different number to same line that rings with a different cadenceAttendant Main Operator accompanimentAutodialer Support multiple autodialing techniquesAutomatic AttendantPBX Automatic Line SelectionAutomatic HoldPBX Automatic RedialAutomated directory Automatically connect to an extension by nameAutomatic Call Distribution ACDBarge-In Allow an extension to break into a call at another extensionBilled Calls Only surpass calls must be collect or 3rd-party billedBoss-secretary functions The bosses phone and the secretarys phone are linked togheterPBX Busy RingCall BackCall sharpen Organizations using PBX technologyCall Forwarding Redirects all incoming calls towards other exten sionCall MonitoringCall RecordingCall Return Call Through Service for savings on local interconnect chargesCall Transfer Hand a call off to another extensionCall Trace mark a call in system logs as requiring tracing or special attentionCall Park Place a call on hold and allow anyone to dial an extension and take the callCall Pickup Take a parked call off holdKTSsA key system or key telephone system is a multiline telephone system typically used in small office environments. Key was a Bell System term of art for a manually operated switch, such as the line-buttons on the phones associated with such systems. A key system was originally distinguished from a private branch exchange (PBX) in that it allowed the station user to see and control the calls directly, manually, using lighted line buttons.Key systems are noted for their expandability and having individual line selection buttons for each connected phone line, however some features of a private branch exchange such as dialable in tercoms may also commonly be present.Key systems can be built using three principal architectures* Electromechanical shared-control* electronic shared-control* Independent keysetsThe features of KTSs 1. AUTOMATED ATTENDANT/VOICE ANNOUNCEMENTallows you to record a greeting (20 second maximum) that the incoming caller will hear after one ring. The caller may then select one of the options offered in the arrangement which will ring the extension of the desired party. A typical business recording might be Thank you for calling LeePhones.com.2. AUTOMATIC FAX RECOGNITIONwhen utilizing the AUTOMATED ATTENDANT, the system will recognize an incoming fax, and will automatically route to the fax machines extension. This feature saves you money by freeing up dedicated fax lines for voice or other uses.3. AUTO ANSWERallows extensions with a key phone to receive internal intercom calls directly through their speaker phone without having to pickup the handset.4. INTERCOMallows private communicati on between system users. IPS Key Telephones can dial another internal extension by simply pressing the button or key associated with the other extension .5. DIRECT caller ACCESS TO EXTENSIONSwhen utilizing the AUTOMATED ATTENDANT, the incoming caller may, upon hearing the recorded greeting, connect to any desired extension by dialing the three digit extension number (100 to 107 on the IPS308, 100 to 115 on the IPS416)6. SYSTEM PROGRAMMING VIA PC OR PHONEone of the most significant features of the IPS is the ability to program its features utilizing the IPS program software. The softwares graphics, help menus, and cue cards make programming simple from start to finish.7. CALLER ID(requires caller id option and an IPS Key Telephone) displays incoming caller name and number on all Key Telephones with display.8. MUSIC ON HOLDa micro-mini input port on the IPS may be connected to any orthogonal music source (tape, CD, radio, or continuous play advertising message) to provide backgrou nd sound for incoming callers while transferring to a desired extension or while remaining on hold.9. ALARM CLOCKallows an extension to preset a specified time for a reminder ring or wake-up call.Task 4 (c)The cost of equipment and installation There are user who will use these equipments The Chief ConstableThe assistant Chief ConstableDistrict CommanderDeputy District CommanderSergeants and constablesThe police officersDetective Chief InspectorDetective InspectorThe civilian staffEquipmentUsers with quantityQuantityPrice (tk)Telephone instrumentsThe Chief Constable 5The assistant Chief Constable 3District Commander 3Deputy District Commander 3Sergeants and constables 3The police officers 2Detective Chief Inspector 4Detective Inspector 3The civilian staff 22870,000Private Branch Exchanges (PBXs)The Chief Constable 1Detective Chief Inspector 121,58,482Key Telephone Systems (KTSs)The Chief Constable 1The assistant Chief Constable 1District Commander 1Deputy District Com mander 1Sergeants and constables 1The police officers 1Detective Chief Inspector 1Detective Inspector 1The civilian staff 1915,752Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) systemsThe Chief Constable 1The assistant Chief Constable 1Chief Inspector 1Detective Inspector 149252Voice Processing SystemsThe Chief Constable 1The assistant Chief Constable 1District Commander 1Deputy District Commander 1Detective Chief Inspector 1Detective Inspector 161,72,000Telephone Answering MachinesThe Chief Constable 1The assistant Chief Constable 1District Commander 1Deputy District Commander 1Detective Chief Inspector 1515,000Telephone Call Information Loggers (CIL)The Chief Constable 1The assistant Chief Constable 1District Commander 1The police officers 1Detective Chief Inspector 1544,5000Facsimile MachinesThe Chief Constable 1Detective Chief Inspector 125,500ModemsThe Chief Constable 1The assistant Chief Constable 1District Commander 1Deputy District Commander 1Sergeants and constables 1The police officers 1Detective Chief Inspector 1Detective Inspector 1The civilian staff 1936,000Local Area Network (LAN) BridgesJust two bridges can be supported for all.210,500Local Area Network (LAN) RoutersJust two routers can be supported for all.245,00Multiplexers51,17,250Total equal 754784.00Task 4 (d)The cost of operating the system Actually this system will be so much benefited. It needs so much high configuration system. The estimated cost for this system about 7,54,784.00 taka or more.Task 4 (e)I described both of two systems. But I will recommend to use PBXs. Because, it has so many advantages.The advantages of PBX are 1. It is much easier to install and configure than a normal home line. Anyone that can handle a computer and is old(prenominal) with Windows features can install it. If you are familiar with networking computers is in good shape. You dont have to have someone come out to your location and install and hook things up. It is in your hands and not in someone elses.2. It is easier to manage. IP PBX can be managed in a web based configuration interface or a GUI. This allows you to fine tune and maintain you phone system. Once again, if you are dealing with a regular home line you have to rely on a technician.3. Significant cost savings when you use voip service providers. This is a big deal right now as we are all trying to subdue back and save money. You can easily connect phone systems between branches and make free phone calls.4. You can eliminate phone wiring. This is something that can bring a comfort to a business owner. Software phones can be installed directly onto the computer. You can now have much more control over adding and moving of extensions in your office. In new offices you can eliminate the extra ports completely.5. Eliminate vendor lock in. This is exciting because you are now taking your phone services into your own hands and you dont have to make decisions based on one company. You can mix and ma tch in order to gain the best savings.Task 5Police discussion section AutomationTo,Police Department HeadquarterIntroductionTo develop a new automation system for Townsville Police Department I have investigate to find the best network topology among many topologies and recommend one topology that suits best for police department.Summary In the above investigation I have tried to find the most convenient system for police department. Here are the key points that I foundAmong various topologies Star Topology will be the best solution to setup the network for the police department. probe the best network medium for the network.Investigating for best internet connection and connection that may require operating the system smoothly.Investigating in details the methods of operating two-way voice communication, the court-ordered requirements to setup two-way voice communication, costs, limitation of each system etc.The main equipment for the telephone system that would be installed, eac h systems features, cost of equipment installation and operating it.Strength of this reportThe strengths of the report areThere are many networks type I have shown, we can easily determine which one is best for this type networkDetails breakdownWell organized and readable and understandable by non-technical people.Costs break-down of the system setup.Weekness of this reportThere some helplessness in my report and investigation. To collect data I have faced many difficulties. Also there is no system in my country that run this or similar type network. I could do well if could get some more time.AssumptionCostsSome network equipments etc. codaWhen I was doing this assignment, I got many difficulties which I got solved from discussion with others and from my teacher help. I have tried to gather as much as exact information.