Ontology in Anselm, Descartes and Kant Essay

Ontology is a purported proof that idol exists. The ontology provided by St. Anselm in the el even outth century set the standard in westbound thought, and on which on the whole subsequent ontology attempted to measure itself. Before the conversion and the age of reason it was generally agreed that more(prenominal)over a arse about would deny the globe of paragon. Accordingly the ontology of St. Anselm employs the attitude of a stigma kernel some one without any of the higher concepts of philosophy as the crux of the stock.The argument commences with a definition of God Now we believe that the Lord is something than which naught greater jackpot be thought (81). The association made is to perfection, for only in perfection can we conceive nonhing beyond. In conventional attempts at ontology the strategy was to find God amongst the spl fireor of his creation. Anselm, however, eschewed the evidence of visualize and tried to affect a proof from pure thought. It is pla ced in the head of a simpleton, and in this way is made to appear as stemming from the innate point, and not clouded by the errors of perceptual savvy.Anselms fool wants to cling to the idea that God is not But such atheism does not strangle the thought processes inside the head. It necessarily searches for perfection, that being the instinctive inclination of man, which is to seek happiness, comfort, order, and so on. Can the fool imagine perfection, asks Anselm. The coiffure is that he cannot. For whatever ideal it fixes on, the mind surges past it for something even better. However, this unforgiving ascendancy within the mind presages the existence of perfection therein, for otherwise the mind chases after nothing. Now, since we have already identified perfection with God, the mind imagines God, and and so strives towards it.Existence in the mind will not suffice as ontology. Therefore, as the next step in the argument, Anselm attempts to measure the idea with man bein gs. We essentialiness next deem whether that which has been imagined as perfect has a corresponding reality beyond the mind. If it does not then we have a contradiction in terms. For being in the mind alone we are then able to imagine something even greater than it. That which was imagined as perfect now turns out have something that is more perfect than it. Anselm is sure that he has found a contradiction here. So he proceeds to conclude Therefore, there is no doubt that something than which a greater cannot be thought exists two in the understanding and in reality (82).Descartes, though largely accepting this ontology, doesnt accept the contradiction derived in the final step. He argues that reality has not been introduced at all, exactly only an idea if reality. In the final analysis the entire ontology is fetching place in the head. It is an imagined God that Anselm proves, says, Descartes, not a real one. His correction, thusly, was to consider the phenomenal world after all. In this manner he hardened out what has famously come to be known as Cartesian doubt. The world of sensory experience, when examined philosophically, naturally induces doubt, for all perspectives are vanquishive. It is unfeasible to construe an objective form subjective sensory experience.But kinda of holding back doubt Descartes allows it full reign. He starts to explore what else can be doubted. Soon it is found that not only material reality, still also all the perceptions and ideas of the mind must also be doubted, for they all stem from the same faculty of understanding. But his doubting reach must come to and end eventually, when he comes to consider consciousness itself. Descartes discovers that he is ineffectual to doubt the I, for it is the I itself that is doubting, i.e. thinking. Thus his famous conclusion, Cogito, ergo add up I think, therefore I am (68). From the proof of self-existence to the proof of God is a simple step. A self that is subject to doubt is imperfect, and therefore implies the existence of Creator who is perfect.Kant, in turn, comes to dismiss both these attempts at ontology on the simple premise that existence is not a predicate. In other words, it is meaningless to say simply God is. Our concepts of understanding allow us to apply reason in the form of sentences that contain both subject and predicate. So that we can say that God is good, or that God is merciful. But simply God is is not meaningful, and human understanding does not allow such speculation. In effect, Kant is saying that ontology is not possible.This is in concord with the rest of Kants philosophy, which emphasizes that we are not able to vocalise on the noumenal world, i.e. on things in themselves. He describes three cat self-importanceries of noumena the soul, the material world, and God, the oddment being the source of the first two. Therefore God is definitely bankrupt of Kants philosophical scheme, only that he remains beyond human understand ing, and we cannot even pronounce on God is the simplest form God is. simply as we cannot know anything about the soul, or the material world, as things in themselves, scarce only come to know the consequences of them.Our understanding is limited to the phenomenal world, where practical reason applies. Kant also speculates on the existence of a inscrutable pure reason, that which overcomes the anomalies of practical reason. Pure reason is identified as an end in itself, and is thus identified with perfection. He stipulates it as a clean imperative that we pursue pure reason as the highest goal. further he refuses to identify this perfection with God, and differs with Anselm on this point. He also differs with Descartes cogito, ego sum, and complains that logic is being applied to derive existence, the rationale being that the part cannot be used to explain the whole.The least objectionable ontology, in my opinion, is that of St. Anselms. To make this point I will show that the refutations put send on by Descartes and Kant are not appropriate. Descartes complaint was that the proof given by Anselm is wholly ideal, without reference to the phenomenal world to give it substance. But Anselm does therefore refer to the phenomenal world, when he introduces the postulate that the ideal of perfection has no corresponding existence in the real world. In fact on this postulate the entire argument hinges, for it is used to derive the contradiction, from whence the ontology ensues. Cartesian doubt a merely a long-winded way of advance to the same conclusion.Kants complaint, on the other hand, is not really an argument at all, but rather a boast that he has not has to use the words God exists anywhere in his philosophy. For to pick on the grammar of God exists on the justification that the noumenal world is unknowable is taking matters in like manner strictly. Even accepting Kants theory, it is not right that we desist from pronouncing the existence of God. He may not have done so explicitly, but Kant does indeed pronounce of the existence of God in the implicit sense. As a moral precept to action he gives us the two-dimensional imperative I am never to act otherwise than so that I could also will that my maxim should become a prevalent law (13).The universal law is pertaining to the moral law, which is described as an end itself, and therefore is no different from the idea of perfection. An imperative is only flavorless when it works universally, without contingency. To paraphrase Kant, the rationale of human existence is to pursue the moral life in order to attain to perfection, in other words, God. former(a) than the fastidious insistence of grammar, Kant does not really object to Anselms ontology. With both Descartes and Kants objections discredited, Anselms ontology must stand as the best, being the simplest and some intuitive.Works CitedAnselm. Basic Writings. Translated by Thomas Williams. Boston Hackett Publishing, 2007.Descartes , Rene. Meditations on initiative Philosophy With Selections from the Objections and Replies. Translated by John Cottingham. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1996.Kant, Immanuel. Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. Whitefish, MT Kessinger Publishing, 2004.

Multicultural in school setting Essay

The article, what makes a school multicultural? talks about amicable change in the decree. The concept of multiculturalism has non been clarified but e preciseone has an root of what it is and they atomic number 18 thus left to judge with their believes and biases. The article is well pen and talks of the 21st century as a century that is very sensitive to culture focused on international matters as a way of weeting orientation to the future because industrial changes that be winning place begin caused the environment to suffer greatly.Multiculturalism has been shown to promote respect for only different type of people from the various races (Roysircar & Sandhu, 2003). The schools according to this article project themselves as multicultural because of the renewal that they bring racially and ethnically. The article does not however give a clear answer as to if this is what makes the schools to be multicultural. The article discusses multiculturalism in the schools as an imperative of the law and the orderliness. It also says that diversity should be valued.The article says that for a school to be considered as a multicultural it should implement it policies, perspectives, programs, practices and personnel to have a reflection on the heterogeneity of the affirmative action, which is dynamic. It should also be sensitive to needs of the groups, which admit the student population. They should also be in a position to progress to an ambiance socially and culturally. The schools overall mission should be incorpo prised by its policies. The article says that the society is changing in a rapid rate and this is what forces the schools to also embrace the changes. interrogatory 1 Opportunities and take exceptions that ethnic diversity poses to our society and our schools (N. Y) Some of the opportunities that the ethnic diversity poses to our society atomic number 18 that, it allows the people to transmigrate into the other countries. For example, th e United States has many a(prenominal) immigrants who have come from different split of the world some to work and some to learn. We have seen that many students who have are immigrants perform very well in schools due to accessibility of resources.It is also important to educate children about ethnic diversity so that they can under hurt about the stereotypes and the negativism that is directed towards various groups of people. When students get to learn that their ethnic group is valued, they get a very mettlesome self-esteem and become confident that they are indeed living in a society that is free. Some of the challenges brought about by this diversity are that, the society lacks a common heritage on which to base its training system on (Roysircar & Sandhu, 2003).Ethnic Diversity poses issues of insecurity in bleak York and bulk of other countries done terrorism in the society because people especially the Muslims are stereotyped to be involved in many bombings. Ethnic di versity faces prejudices because it is regarded to be the cause of some of the social problems that are modern. These problems are unemployment, competition among groups in the society and in general the urban decay. Especially when the delivery is not doing, well the minority in the in the buff York are undermined. For the schools, they become flooded and the children end up dropping out.In addition, the college education becomes expensive for the immigrants since they are in a foreign land. Question 2 Contributions of the Arab the Statesns in the society and Challenges that they face. Arab the Statesn have greatly contributed to America in the sense that, they have lawyers educators and doctors among them in America. They are hence are in a position to help fight against diseases such as cancer and leukemia. Danny Thomas who was an Arab American Doctor, helped to establish a cancer ticker for children that bore his name and today so many American children have benefited from th is foundation.They have also helped America to diversify its cultures and languages, which even though it needful a huge funding they were able to raise it with time. They also progress to other positions that American can hold and hence contribute to the economy in the same measure. The Arab Americans face the challenge of being distrusted. This makes the Arab Americans feel that America is being unjustifiably hostile towards them. However, as much as the mistrust exists, majority of the Arab American love America (Donaldson, 2001). They also face the challenge of racism, misinformation about their history, discrimination and negative stereotyping.A stereotype goes that says they are the majority in the American prisons. The misconception about Arab Americans is spread through teachers, peers and mostly through the media, which depicts them as terrorist in movies. To solve some of the challenges that face them, the media has to change its stand and support the Arab Americans so that they can be treated equally in the society. If this does not happen the Arab Americans have, the task of having to work more than they have ordinarily work in order to be treated equally it the society (Pope-Davis, 2003).REFERENCES Donaldson, K. (2001). Shattering the denial protocols for the classroom and beyond. London. Greenwood Publishing Group, Pope-Davis, D. (2003). Handbook of multicultural competencies in counseling & psychology. London. SAGE. Roysircar, G. & Sandhu, D. (2003). Multicultural competencies a guidebook of practices. Dublin. AMCD. Rosado, C. (1995). Critical Multicultural marquise what makes a school multicultural? Print viewed on July 24th, 2010. http//www. edchange. org/multicultural/ text file/caleb/multicultural. html

Main Problems of Lexicology Essay

Lexicology is the study of vocalizes-their menanigs and relationships. * English verbiage is one of the most extensive amongst the worlds lang.contains an immense subject of articulates of forerign origin. * lexicology has to study the etymology of word,e.g.their origin, their development and function * And English is lang.which had changed a diff do in a short period of time * So, lexicology has to deal with each(prenominal) the changes in grammar and the vocabulary.WHY ARE WORDS BORROWED FROM 1 LANGUAGE INTO some unseasoned(prenominal) 2Borrowing is a consequence of cultural contact amidst twain style communities. Borrowing of words can go in both directions between the two languages in contact, solely frequently in that location is an asymmetry, such that much(prenominal) words go from one side to the other. In this case the source language community has some advantage of power, prestige and/or wealth that makes the objects and opinions it brings desirable and use ful to the borrowing language community. For example, the Germanic tribes in the offset printing few centuries A.D. squeezeed numerous loanwords from Latin as they adopted new products via trade with the Romans. Few Germanic words, on the other hand, passed into Latin.The actual routine of borrowing is complex and involves m both usage events (i.e. instances of use of the new word).Generally, some speakers of the borrowing language know the source language too, or at least enough of it to utilize the relevant word. They (often consciously) adopt the new word when speaking the borrowing language, because it most exactly fits the idea they atomic number 18 trying to express. If they are bilingual in the source language, which is often the case, they might pronounce the words the same or similar to the appearance they are pronounced in the source language. For example, English speakers adopted the word garage from cut, at first with a pronunciation nearer to the cut pronunciatio n than is now usually found. Presumably the very first speakers who apply the word in English knew at least some French and heard the word used by French speakers, in a French-speaking context.PHONETIC ADJUSTMENT OF BORROWED WORDS 3Purely phonic change involves no reshuffling of the contrasts of a phonologic sy floor. All phonologic systems are complex affairs with many small adjustments in phonics depending on phonetic environment, position in the word, and so on. For the most part, phonetic changes are examples of allophonic differentiation or assimilation, that is, sounds in specific environments acquire new phonetic features or perhaps lose phonetic features they master copyly had.Many phonetic changes provide the raw ingredients for later phonemic innovations. In Proto-Italic, for example, intervocalic */s/ became *z. This was a phonetic change, a mild and superficial complication in the phonological system only, further when this *z merged with */r/, the effect on the p honological system was greater.TRANSLATION LOANS 4By translation-loans (calques) we indicate borrowings of a extra benign. They are not taken into the vocabulary of another language more or less in the same phonemic shape in which they have been functioning in their own language, but undergo the process of translation. It is quite obvious that it is only compound words (i. e. words of two or more stems) which can be subjected to such an operation, each stem being translated separately masterpiece (from German Meisterstck), wonder child (from German Wunderkind), first dancer (from Italian prima-ballerina).ANTONYMS ACCORDING TO WORD DERIVATIONAL complex body part 5Derivational antonyms.The regular type of derivational antonyms contains negative prefixes dis-, il- /im-/in-/ir and un-. Other negative prefixes occur in this function only occasionally. forward-looking English prefers to form an antonym with the prefix un- the suffix less is mature and not productive anymore. In the ohmic resistances equivalent hopeful hopeless, useful delusive the suffix less is contrasting to the suffix -ful, not to the stem (otherwise the antonyms would be hope hopeless). E.g. selfish unselfish, not selfish selfishless.Derivational antonyms may be characterised as contradictory. A pair of derivational antonyms forms a binary opposition (complementary root antonyms). E.g. logical illogical, appear disappear. Not only words, but fixate expressions as well, can be grouped into antonymic pairs. E.g. by accident on purpose.BROADENING AND NARROWING 6Broadening of inwardness. This occurs when a word with a specific or limited meaning is widened. The widen process is technically called generalization. An example of generalization is the word business, which originally meant the state of being busy, careworn, or anxious, and was broadened to encompass all kinds of work or occupations. Another example of the broadening of meaning is pipe. Its earliest recorded meaning was a musical comedy tramp instrument. Nowadays it can denote any hollow unsubdivided cylindrical body (e. g. water pipes). This meaning developed through transportation based on the similarity of shape (pipe as a musical instrument is also a hollow oblong cylindrical object) which ultimately led to a considerable broadening of the range of meaning. Narrowing of meaning.This happens when a word with a general meaning is by degrees applied to something more more specific. The word litter, for example, meant originally ( in advance 1300) a bed, then gradually change down to bedding, then to animals on a bedding of straw, and finally to things upset about, odds and ends. . . . Other examples of specialization are deer, which originally had the general meaning animal, girl, which meant originally a young person, and meat, whose original meaning was food. We say that narrow takes place when a word comes to refer to only part of the original meaning. The history of the word hound in English neatly illustrates this process. The word was originally pronounced hund in English, and it was the generic word for any kind of dog at all. This original meaning is retained, for example, in German, where the word Hund but means dog. 7.Phraseological units are a kind of ready-made blocks which fit into the grammatical construction of a sentence performing a certain syntactical function, more or less as words do. EXP We never know the evaluate of water till the well is dry. You can take the horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink. Those who live in glass houses shouldnt throw stones.The first distinctive feature that strikes one is the obvious structural dissimilarity. If one compares proverbs and phraseological units in the semantic aspect, the difference seems to become obvious. Proverbs could be best compared with minute fables for, like the latter, they sum up the collective experience of the community. They moralize (Hell is paved with not bad(predicate) i ntentions), give advice (Dont judge a tree by its verbalise, give warning (If you sing before breakfast, you will cry before night), admonish (Liars should have good memories) No phraseological unit ever does any of these things. They do not stand for whole statements as proverbs do but for a single concept. Their function in speech is purely nominal (i. e. they denote an object, an act, etc.). The function of proverbs in speech, though, is communicative (i. e. they impart certain information).

Art Three Main Types

Art mimetic, Abstract, and Non inbredistic Art is a way to expression a memory, idea, and/or emotion. Art pile come from the mind or you freighter draw it from another source much(prenominal) as media or nature. Art has very different meanings and attempts to get across to other in different ways. Art is virtually endless. Art drop be be altered to look how the graphicsificeist wants to make it appear or it can be made to look exactly as it appears in naturalism. It is up to the graphicsist to make the image as they desire. Artists usually do so by finding a type of art they be comfortable with doing.Some artists do not wish to make art that looks like boththing about unitary has seen before. There are hundreds of different categories of art. Those categories can fall into one of triple main types. The tether main types in which a ensnare of art can fall under are representational, move up, and schematic. Representational art is art in which the artist attempts to capture the image exactly as it appears. There are several different subcategories that fall under this such as realism and art made during the Renaissance.Artist who tend to make representational art usually are geared to think logically and analytically. Representational art contrasts with rise art and nonfigurative art. For instanse the Mona Lisa done by da Vinci Da Vinci is a work of representational art. It is a potrait done in oil to capture the image of Lisa Gherardini. Other works done by Leonardo Da Vinci are besides representational. The picture captures what the artist sees in reality rather then what the artist wants to exaggerate upon.When trying to jazz away from physical realities abstract art tends to cover the spectrum of emotions with shapes and lines. This art can vary on whether it contains things that are representation and things that are entirely nonrepresentational. This menage of art is everything that falls in between representational art and nonrepre sentational art. A great congresswoman would be just about any work done by Pablo Piccaso. Cubism is a sub form of abstract art, which is a type of art that Pablo Piccaso is known for.Cubism is when the artist uses geometric shapes to situate their work of art in place of the natural organic shapes which would unremarkably be made in representational art. However since the work relieve has some representation it is not entirely nonrepresentational which lands it in the abstract category. Art that makes no attempt to identify or represent something is called nonrepresentational art. This art does not depict any beings, places or things in the natural world. It is very much like abstract however there are absolutely no representations within this type of art. plot the art is not think to represent anything it usually appeals to emotions with the tone of colors and the way the artist uses their media. An lesson of this can be expressionism. However this type of art is tricky. Exp ressionism can also fall under the category of abstract. Since abstract and nonrepresentational art can be closely related it is also easy to confuse the two. While expressionism shows a strong sense of emotions it can also have some representational items within it which allows it to fall into one of the two categories. Representational art can never be expressionism.Fighting Forms by Franz Marc is a good example of expressionistic nonrepresentational art. The artist makes a work from their desired media in order to produce an image or images they want to see in the world rather then allow it to remain in their interrogative for no one to see. An artist usually uses a type of art that they can best relate to. There are sever different types of art to choose from but they all fall into one of three categories. Out of all the different categories of art all of them fall into three different types. They are representational, abstract, or nonrepresentational.

Impulsive Buying Essay

instinctive consumer behaviour is widely recognized nowadays. heartbeat buy rates for nigh 80% of purchases in some product categories and shopping is a study leisure and lifestyle b push throughivity in galore(postnominal) countries (Kacen & Lee 2002). Impulsive acquire generates oer $4 gazillion of annual gross sales in the United States. Impulsive consumer buy expression is touch oned as a hedonic all toldy heterogeneous purchase behavior in which the thoughtful, deliberate consideration of all knowledge and choice alternatives is precluded. It has been suggested that purchases of new products result more and more from driving acquire rather than planned purchases. Furthermore, the globalization in the expression of technologies, teleselling and the profits increases the consumer self-generated acquire opportunities.Impulse buying is a pervasive and characteristic aspect of the consumers lifestyle and is also a focal dose for considerable marketing managem ent activity. A study conducted some decades agone found that in the midst of 27 and 62 percent of consumers section store purchases fell into the relish category. Also the century we live in and the marketing innovations much(prenominal) as credit cards, instant credit, 24-hour retailing, telemarketing and online shopping make it now easier than ever for the consumers to purchase things on impulsion.The attempts by seekers to find a clear definition of a phenomenon that lay closelynot be completely described as unplanned behavior and the opportunity to examine the factors that intervene in its expression was the motivation for this dissertation. Furthermore, the history of associating capriciousness with human weakness and the psychologists and economists focussing on the irrational aspects of much(prenominal) behavior sparks the interest into the topic and uncovers the effectiveness for further research in the field. It is also interesting that the factors that ar relate to self-generated buying ar also likely to be persuaded by culture.Theoretical Frame naturalizeThe instinct of the supposition was greatly improved by Stern (1962). Pure impulsion buy occurs when consumers recognise truly hotheaded buying, the novelty or escape purchase which breaks a normal buying pattern. His conceptualization was based on the premise that impulsive buying gouge be pure, planned, reminder and suggestion, and is linked to consumers photo to stimulus. Kollat and Willet (1969) interchangeably used unplanned and impulsive purchasing. Rook and Hoch (1985) cerebrate attention on the cognitive and mad aspect of consumers involvement in impulsive purchasing. The construction of the phenomenons definition was resting on consumers descriptions of thoughts and emotions experienced during impulse purchasing situations. They came up with 5 distinctive elements that draw the difference between impulsive and planned purchases (1) feeling a sudden and spontaneo us appetency to act (2) being in a state of psychological disequilibrium (3) experiencing a psychological conflict and struggle (4) reducing cognitive evaluation (5) consuming without strike for the consequences.Summarizing the five dimensions, Rook (1987) identified impulsive purchasing as a sudden, often powerful and persistent urge to buy something immediately. It is a hedonically building complex and aflamely conflicting behavior which is prone to occur with diminished regard for its consequences. As it cigaret be seen, a shift in the elements comprising the definitions can be observed. Piron (1991) offers a new definition as an answer to his follow-up of the previous attempt for definition impulse purchasing is (1) unplanned, (2) the result of an exposure to a stimulus, (3) decided on the spot. Kacen and Lee (2002) define the concept as unplanned purchase that is characterized by (1) copulationly rapid ratiocination-making, and (2) a subjective bias in favor of immediate possession.They further contributed with their work by investigating how ethnic factors simulate impulsive buying which gains pause insights about understanding the phenomenon. The authors research makes a contribution in recognizing that understanding impulse buying solely on a Western principal of view is incomplete. The Western- singularist emphasis on the self, private needs and desires, and hedonistic pleasures encourages impulsive buying behavior. The Eastern-collectivist notions of the self, the interdependence, emotional control, emphasis on group needs and desires would warn impulsive buying.EmotionsEmotions being the main driver of impulsive buying behavior rush been the subject of debates in terms of terminology. Scientists use the term affect as a ecumenic category that encompasses emotions, moods and attitudes. The mental state of ingenuity that arises from cognitive appraisals of events or thoughts is what characterizes emotions. The line between emotions an d mood is difficult to be drawn. It is often said that mood is longer lasting and lower in intensity than an emotion. Other researches add to this that emotions are typically intentional season mood is generally non-intentional and global. Attitudes are often considered instances of affect. Some authors define them as evaluative judgments rather than emotional states. Others make no distinction between evaluative judgments and affect. Still some others propose that attitudes have two components cognitive and emotional dimensions. To sum up, the terms emotions, affect, attitudes, moods are all used inconsistently in the literature.Rather than focusing on exploring the definitions of impulsive buying behavior, the contribution of this thesis ordain be to examine the emotional arousal behind the phenomenon and factors chair peoples inclination to such a type of behavior. This go away include inter own(prenominal) ascertain and the presence or lack of self-discipline. premature research concluded that susceptibility to interpersonal influence is a general sign that varies across persons and occurrences. Further, susceptibility to influence by others is related to personal characteristics. Cox and Bauer (1964) pointed out that people with low self-esteem comply with others suggestions in order to avoid genial disapproval. Berkowitz & Lundy (1957) also found out that persons who slay low in interpersonal confidence ratings are most fictile to peer influence.Problem statement and research goalPrevious research has numerous attempts for giving a clear definition of impulsive buying but somehow the definitions capture different aspects of the phenomenon and fail to address a complete and exact definition. Much of the work on impulsive buying inherently implies negative attributes to the concept. However, once consumers buy products for fun, fantasy, social or emotional mirth, impulsive buying may be viewed as a treasured pas condemnation rather than a si mple acquisition of goods (Hausman, 2000). Researchers have tryn that m whatsoever factors influence impulsive buying such as consumers mood, trait buying impulsiveness, demographic factors, and culture. This study aims at discussing emotions, interpersonal influence and continence as factors expected t have a substantial influence on consumers impulsive purchases.Feelings do predict behavior. So if you are feeling hurt, threatened or bored, what are you likely to do? What about if you are happy or interested? Would you go to the movies, go out with friends or go shopping? What about buying things not think? To assess how well people control their impulses, regulate emotions, manage performances, continue self-discipline, and break out of bad habits, is a difficult task. The consumption experience is replete with emotion, often of a high degree of intensity. What has been overlooked is the social aspect of emotions, while most of the research done is concerned with the individua l conceptualization of emotions. Emotions are not just internal events but are communicative acts and are also addressed in the consumption environment of an individual (Parkinson 1996, Bearden 1989).A matter of discussion is how the emotional state of an individual influences his impulsive buying behavior. Whether ordained or negative emotions, the two extremes of the emotional state, have a stronger effect has been a matter of debate for a long time among researchers and is still argued. Furthermore, does shopping with others have an impact on impulsive purchases (Luo 2005)? If emotions are social and are expressed in a stronger way when being with a friend or family member, then it can be expected that the tendency to indulge in impulsive purchases will increase. However, another factor also plays a major role in the buyer behavior self-control. Every individual has a different tycoon for self-control and self-control failure may be the reason for impulsive purchasing. Can w e control our behavior and emotions when we are depressed or when we are happy? Will the presence or lack of self-control educate into impulsive purchases?The main problem investigated is* How does the emotional state (positive VS negative emotions) influence impulsive buying behavior?Statement of the HypothesisH1 More positive emotional state (strong positive emotions and weak negative emotions) can play to higher impulsive buying behavior.Since emotional experience is taken to be mainly private, emotion communication is seen to depend on prior account on individual emotions. Often, a persons dealingships with others are a central concern of emotions. Given the obvious importance of interpersonal relations that suffice emotions, it might seem surprising that psychological research has focused mainly on non-social manipulations in which a single individual is presented with his/her emotional range. Many of the things that get people emotional about relate to other people (Parkin son, 1996). Emotions can feed into the ongoing interpersonal subprogram and cause similar or contrasting emotions in others.H2 The presence of others at the time of purchase has a positive effect on impulsive buying behavior.Shoppers could be often heard to say I really shouldnt. The prices are high, the budget is tight, and an item is not desperately needed so it seems that a reasonable behavior for the buyer would be not to purchase the item. But there come the alliance of wants, impulses and emotions that all serve to prevail on _or_ upon the shopper that the item will bring happiness, at least for a while. Thus, the decision in this situation is dependable on the conflict between strengths of self-control and desire. Self-control refers to the selfs capacity to alter its own states and responses (Baumeister, 2002).The qualification to maintain self-control and successfully implement long-run decisions depends on the relative strength of the opposing forces of desire and willp ower. In psychoanalytic theory, the conflict of desire and willpower is presented as a fluctuation between primary process thinking which is impulse driven, irrational and seeks immediate gratification at any cost, and secondary process thinking which is patient, logical and has the will to postpone gratification for future long-run goals (Loewenstein & Hoch, 1991).State of the ArtRelated LiteratureFor over fifty years, consumer researchers have strived to form a better definition of impulse buying. Early studies on impulse buying stemmed from managerial and retailer interests. Research in this vein placed its emphasis on the taxonomic approach to classifying products into impulse and non-impulse items in order to facilitate marketing strategies such as point-of-purchase advertising, merchandising, or in-store promotions. This approach is limited by a definitional myopia, which simply equates impulse buying to unplanned purchasing (Bellenger, Robertson, and Hirschman 1978 Kollat and Willet 1967 Stern 1962).Impulse buying generates over $4 billion in annual sales volume in the United States. With the growth of e-commerce and television shopping conduct, consumers have easy access to impulse purchasing opportunities, but little is know about this sudden, compelling, hedonically complex purchasing behavior in non-Western cultures. Yet cultural factors moderate many aspects of consumers impulsive buying behavior, including self-identity, normative influences, the forbiddance of emotion, and the postponement of instant gratification.From a multi-country survey of consumers in Australia, United States, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, our analyses show that both regional level factors (individualismcollectivism) and individual cultural difference factors (independent mutually beneficial self-concept) systematically influence impulsive purchasing behavior. (Julie Anne Lee, Department of Marketing, University of HawaiiManoa) consort to Jacqueline J. Kacen, Depar tment of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Impulsive consumer buying behavior is a widely recognized phenomenon in the United States.It accountsfor up to 80% of all purchases in certain product categories (Abrahams, 1997Smith, 1996), and it has been suggested that purchases of new products result more from impulse purchasing than from prior planning (Sfiligoj, 1996). A 1997 study found that an estimated $4.2 billion annual store volume was generated by impulse sales of items such as candy and magazines (Mogelonsky, 1998). Paco Underhill, author of Why We Buy The Science of obtain (1999), affirms that many purchases are being made on the premises of stores themselves as customers give in to their impulses.Furthermore, technologies such as television shopping channels and the Internet expand consumers impulse purchasing opportunities, increasing both the availableness to products and services and the ease with which impulse purchases can be made.Imp ulsive buying behavior is a sudden, compelling,hedonically complex purchasing behavior in which the rapidity of the impulse purchase decision process precludes thoughtful, deliberate consideration of all schooling and choice alternatives (Bayley & Nancorrow, 1998 Rook 1987Thompson, Locander, & Pollio, 1990Weinberg &Gottwald,1982). This description is largely based on interviews and surveys of Westerners.

Conflict Resoluton in the Classroom

Running Head INCORPORATING CONFLICT RESOLUTION 1 Incorporating meshing Resolution Melinda McCray Concordia University INCORPORATING CONFLICT RESOLUTION 2 As an educator, it is important that I non only know how to effectively deliver the curriculum to my students, that to withal be able to effectively manage my classroom. Managing the classroom is not just writing disciplinary referrals or assigning detentions, but also includes making the proactive decision to prevent and mitigate appointments as they find in the classroom.While all conflicts obviously cannot be prevented, teachers must be instrumental in manoeuver students to resolving their conflicts. Thomas Lickona (1991) touches on guiding students through conflicts. He writes, even if students constitute the benefit of a conflict curriculum, social skill training many will still have trouble applying these learnings In these situations the teacher usually has three tasks (1) fortune students witness (2) Helping student s work forth a fair solution and (3) Helping pincerren practice the behavioral skills. (294-295).While some of these suggestions may not be applicable to high school students in some instances, I call in that Lickonas suggestions have merit. In my classroom, I could certainly incorporate assist my students practice costly behavioral skills. I would definitely focus on the moral aspects of discipline and behavior, because students can relate to how they would like to be treated, employ the what if scenario. Morality of mind is everlastingly an incentive to encourage a child to behave in the proper way. Community involvement is not always that easy at my school, but using our parent liaison could be a step in that direction.Maybe the liaison could reach out to the parents when teachers cannot. Lickona(1991) suggests that observant teachers know the situations that trigger situations, (295) as one such teacher, using effective conflict resolution strategies such, one-on-one cou nsel, seating arrangements, and modeling good moral conduct is the way I plan to continue to go down conflicts as they arise in my classroom and keep the classroom surroundings safe. References Lickona, T. (1991) Educating for Character How our schools can teach respect and responsibility. New York NE piffling Books

Define the term ‘consent’ in adult social care

Consent is well-favored permission to do something.In health and social care settings it usually convey that the individual gives consent to detract part in an activity or to accept some kind of care or treatment this could be agreeing to have a shower or a bath agreeing to take medication, as well as agreeing to have their details shared with others.Why is it chief(prenominal) that a social care worker works in a centering which promotes someone centred values? Person-centred approaches are about the individual organism the centre of their care and corroboration plan enabling them to have regard over their lives. Person-centred approaches are about enabling individuals to live their own lives and not just providing a service. It is about focusing on the individual persons needs and not the tasks that need completing.Person-centred planning is a way for individuals to plan for what they want now and in the future, together with the people in their lives who they like and tr ust. Everyone has a right to plan their own lives and be at the centre of any planning that is done for them. Everyone has a right to be part of their community. Everyone has a right to live their lives as they want, and if they need funding to do this for this support to be go forthd in a way in which they want it. There are eight person centred values that support person-centred care and support. These are IndividualityIndependence Privacy Partnership Choice Dignity abide by RightsBy following the values set out above, we will be equal to(p) to develop a clear understanding about the individuals we are functional with. This includes their needs, their culture, their means of communication, their likes and dislikes, their family and other professionals involvement so we can promote and provide person centred care and support.

The Simpsons Are Sociologically Savvy: a Postmodernist Perspective

The Simpsons atomic number 18 Sociologically Savvy a Postmodernist spatial relation Using The Simpsons, a long-running Ameri ass animated continuing series, as a case exact I ordain analyse the links amid hearings, production and text in the creation of meaning. Using a triangulated rise of close textual reading, and theoretical models of post-modernism and mystify theory to question the occasion of agenda mountain in contemporary society, I will point particular mechanisms of agenda setting within this example.The Simpsons, described by capital of Minnesota Cantor (1999) is a postmodern re-creation of the first generation family sit-com (p738) which can be intaked effectively to illustrate innovative and radical themes and encourages small thinking. David Arnold (2001) describes The Simpsons as an irresponsible text, integrity rich in associations and con nonations a self-parodic, self-referential variety of previous texts (p264).I will endeavour to show that despite the detail that The Simpsons is associated with cartoons, which in their very record ar assumed to be child wish and frivolous, it is because of all of the above associations that the postmodern Simpsons be useful as a pedagogical tool (Hobbs, 1998) and can be used to teach adults and children non-homogeneous sociological issues including sexual identities and hegemony. The Simpsons lends itself to be a vehicle of a media-virus which harmonize to Douglas Rushkoff (1994) can carry the revolutionary message conveyed in an app arently innocent, torpid package (cited in Irwin et Al 2001 p254).Such programmes appear to conduct turn up to be the most acceptable and accessible spaces to show such subjects as homosexual, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (glbt) identities because of their separation from reality. Arnold (2001) claims that the ridiculousness of the summercaterny yellow looking characters who take aim down up on your tv set and look almost human, that with g rim storylines and unbelievable un-human like behaviours increase their ability to function as satirical signifiers (p262).Its because of their unfeasibility, their lack of seriousness that Diane Raymond (2003 cited in Dines & Humez) maintains waives programmes like The Simpsons to play with themes low cover of humour where those themes might be too volatile or horizontal too didactic for an separate sort of audience (p101). The Simpsons creators and writers imprecate on the recital of other shows and they take from them all the best titbits recognize their viewers according toRushkoff (2004) with a-ha events or pattern recognition (p296). Whether it is Maggie in A Streetcar Named Marge (1992, 9F18) attempting to rescue her dummy-tit at Springfields day-care midpoint to the theme tune of The Great Escape by Elmer Bernstein. Or when home run arrives to pick her up some of the babies are precariously perched and watch on, which to the media literate is an obvious spoof of The Birds a classic Hitchcock movie from 1963.The wedding delineation from The Graduate is spoofed in One fish, two fish, blowfish (1991, 7F11) where bell ringer bangs on the living room window and shouts Marge at the top of his voice. Lisas Substitute (1991, SF19), is where we wait yet another classic scene from the The Graduate, where the change teacher is feeln at the front of the class through Mrs Krabappels fork which is hitched up on the desk and baronets teacher says those famous linguistic communication Mrs. Krabappel, youre trying to seduce me. Some of the audience, children more thanover adults may see the ridiculousness of the scenes as funny but may not see the more hidden intertextual message due to their time pass viewing media texts. and David Buckingham (2001) claims that children are more active, and sophisticated users that they see much more boob tube and are able to detect and decipher the formal codes and conventions near genre and narrative, and a stir(predicate) the production process (cited in Barker and Petely 2001).These pieces of intertextual fragmented texts cod unalike connotations to different readers. For example in The Graduate the storyline, for the chief protagonist, was about the coming of age and losing his virginity and the power it gave him, this revolutionary message would not be available in prime-time viewing unless such a vehicle as The Simpsons made it accessible through its animation. Ironically The Simpsons was created to be a bridging gimmick for The Tracy Ullman Show to cross from the main parts of the show into adverts (Rushkoff 2004 p295).The Simpsons became more favorite than the host show and Matt Groening the shows creator was offered $10m and a 13 episode series at FOX Television (Ibid p295). gibe to Allen Larson (2004) technological advances, the availability of cable, federal deregulation and corporate consolidation were already in distance from the 1980s and 90s but the media conglomerat es further assisted the breeding of corporations like FOX Television which refined prime time sit-coms and the commodification of the audience, they re-imagined, and re-exploited benefit maximisation (cited in Stabile & Harrison 2004 p56).At the onset of the 90s production be for a show like The Simpsons would oblige cost around $600,000 (Mallory 1996, Karlin 1993b cited in Stabile & Harrison p56) and so forethought to attracting the widest demographic was crucial. Merchandising to children was the future as the cable-age children had already become consumers and so the conglomerates turned the full force of their attention to fightds maximising the potential revenue streams provided by children (Ibid pp57-59). USA Today inform in 2009 that in the previous year Consumers worldwide spent more than $750 nerdion on Simpsons-related licensed merchandise (Lieberman, 2009).Television programming is not only programming the viewers sets but the viewers themselves in order to sell t hem a product (Rushkoff 2004, p293) which would prove why advertisers spent $314. 8 million in 2008 on the prime-time show on Fox and reruns that local anaesthetic stations air (Lieberman, 2009). Postmodernism points toward the fact that we no longer create anything other than the texts made up from the materials which already existed and we patch them together to make fun of that which is present and at present.Furthermore there is a notion of it doesnt get any better than this The Simpsons uses all the good bits from the past to fill the present, history is no longer being made it could be perceived. Arnold claims that The Simpsons lampoon and amplifies that grows foibles up to and beyond the point of absurdity (2004 p264). Jameson is in transcription (1984 and 1991) he insists that postmodernism has a new depthlessness and that globalised late capitalism does not allow for the text to be critically analysed but commodified and consumed.Jameson states that they no longer man ifestly quote, as a Joyce or a Mahler might have done, but incorporate into their very substance (1991 p3). Intertextual referencing is key to how The Simpsons works as a postmodern text, although legible to the avid reader of texts, a certain sum total of media literacy is required which has taken many decades to achieve, leaving the adult to appreciate the intertextuality of lofty assimilation embedded in the funny animation.The timing with which The Simpsons emerged into mainstream picture has proven to be crucial- The Simpsons could not have thrived on prime-time network television unless it was embraced by an audience so advanced in TV literacy that they are able to recognize and relish the signs and symbols from TV culture which the show in steadinably throws at them (Bj? rnsson 2006). In various episodes The Simpsons have portrayed many sociological concepts, for example Aging and health in Stark Raving dadaism (1991, 7F24) Class and socioeconomic status in Burns Heir (1994, 1F16) execration law and criminal justice in Homer the Vigilante (1F09).Homer has dealt with the urge to cheat on his wife Marge The Last come-on of Homer and Life on The Fast Lane (1993, IF07 & 1990, 7G11). The horror of war was tackled in The Principal and the Pauper (1997, 4F23) and homosexuality in Homers phobic disorder (1997, 4F11) (The Simpsons Archive, 2010). It is this last issue of other sexual identities in The Simpsons which I will be analysing using despoil theory as an analytical framework. prevent is a category in flux according to Raymond (2003, cited in Dines & Humez p98).historically the term was used in a negative or derogatory manner, although most recently the term is used to identify marginalised identities such as ethereal, lesbian bisexual and transgender (glbt). Queer theory identifies a body of pestship connected to but not identical with lesbian/gay studies (Ibid p98). fit to Raymond (2003) queer theory emerged in the 1960s and 1970s and u nlike their to begin with theoretical forebears like Marxism and feminism do not demand exclusive theoretical consignment or hegemony (Ibid p99). Instead it asks what is the point in asking why someone is gay?Or what is the function the question of causation serves in the culture and in ideology? Queer theorists look less at the nature/nurture argument of Charles Darwin and in addition ask that we see the term as fluid and not fixed. Homers phobic neurosis (1997, 4F11) looks at Homer and his homophobic behaviour when he meets and befriends a gay man fast one who is voiced by writer and director John Waters of the critically acclaimed and very plurality film Hairspray. John sells kitsch collectibles in a shopping mall and enjoys chatting to his customers.John tries to explain to Homer what camp means when he is showing him around the shop which Homer doesnt understand. To explain John says that camp is The sadally ludicrous? The ludicrously tragic? When Homer still doesnt g et it, he adds more like inflatable furniture or Last Supper TV trays The penny in the long run drops as Homer has made a connection, albeit a financial one, and replies and that sooner stuff is worth money? Man you should come over to our place Its full of valuable worthless crap. Johns views echoes pagan critic Andrew Ross argument that camp is primarily concerned with reconstituting historys trash as reasure (Cunningham 2003).Ross (1989) writes The knowledge about history is the precise moment when camp takes over, because camp involves a rediscovery of historys waste (p151, cited in Cunningham 2003). This piece besides serves to confirm Medhursts claim that camp is now absolutely everywhere (1997 p289 cited in Sullivan, p194) and so Homer has become wholly blind to it. Homer has not realised John is gay even though there have been quite a few unimaginative a-ha moments (Rushkoff, p296) or knowing nods to his sexual identity.John has knowledge of female Hollywood actresses a nd gossip, an appreciation of Marges hair John even answers in a camp manner with my heart is palpitating, hoo hoo. Marge conversely has obstinate Johns sexual identity and later, at home, informs Homer of it (much to his disgust). This may signal that the producers are aware of how different people have different cultural capital (Bourdieu, 1977) or that Marge and women for that matter are more adept at reading the signals in media-represented images of sexual identities and can see the signifiers due to the time spent watching television.It may also intend the ways in which gay men have been reduced to the status of women i. e. engaging in tittle-tattle and pointing out good hair-dos. According to tax income (1995) misinformation and gay stereotyping in the media is due to lack of first-hand knowledge of gays and lesbians (cited in Raymond 2003). Media texts are polysemic, meaning they have many meanings to many people, although Stuart Hall (1980) states the texts do not have a n infinite number of interpretations as they remain structured in dominance. Nicholas Abercrombie (1996) claims that audiences are not blank pieces of paper (p140 cited in Hanes 2000). reception Studies agree that the meaning is not inherent within the text itself and that the audience create the meanings using their own cultural capital. Morleys reception involve Nationwide in 1980 will attest to this fact. In 1992 Morley revisited his Nationwide study and found that there were totally contradictory readings of the same programme peak . There are many criticisms of reception theories, Morley himself states that it shows an understanding of the micro-process of consumptionand without elongation to the broader cultural question which is then of only limited value (1992, p272).Signs of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (glbt) identities are clearly shown in The Simpsons in Homers Phobia (1997, 4F11) Roscoe and his fellow workers at the Springfield Steel Mill are openly gay and host gay discos after working hours. The scene in the mill looks like a guerrilla attack where hundreds of gay men have descended on the unsuspecting Simpsons to make them feel like the minority in the queered space. Guerrilla tactics like queering are seen in the States where glbt people gather in an unsuspecting venue.The venue would commonly be frequented by mainly straight persons, the dominant sexual identity. With a flood of glbt patrons the glbt have changed their position to a dominant one within that space. This encourages the audience to see what it must feel like to be in the minority, but also highlights that there are other sexual identities, that heterosexuality is not top-notch and that gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender people live in your street, work in your factories, they have worthwhile jobs contributing to society just like heterosexual people.Queering extends to texts too as shown above and also in Three Gays of the condominium (2003, EABF12) where Home r shared a room with Grady and Julio who were both openly gay. Glbt identities are also hidden, for example Judge Constance Harm is transgender in The Parent bump (2001, CABF22) the judge refers to once being a man. There are also the characters such as Waylon Smithers and Dewey Largo who are still in the closet and all of these stories offer viewers a little queer pleasure.In My Fair Laddy Brunella Pommelhorst the gym teacher at Barts school tells her students she will return in the next semester as Mr Pommelhorst the new shop teacher (2006, HABF05). Marges sister cake who comes out to her in when Springfield became a same-sex-marriage tolerant town to sustain in much needed revenue (after Bart brings it into disrepute). Agenda setting in the media is made accessible in The Simpsons and can be seen in particular in Theres Something about Marrying (2005, 16E10). Mayor Quimby in a speech says he is happy to legalise gay money I mean ah gay marriage.This may be in reply to an arti cle reported by Catherine Donaldson-Evans (2004) written for FOXNEWS. com that states Recognizing same-sex couples and families as an emerging market, heroic corporations have begun targeting the demographic in their ads the ads are focused on the micro-lifestyles of the consumers, and same-sex families are a micro-lifestyle. This clearly shows the emergent culture of commodification of sexual identity.Theres Something approximately Marrying (2005 16E10) which is a clear intertextual reference to the film Theres something about Mary which itself may also be pointing out through the use of intertextuality the name given to Gay men i. e. Marys or little-Marys) was it seems written in response to the controversy in America over gay marriages which was a particularly hot topic in the US at the moment during election campaign (BBC 2004). In February 2004 President Bush announced his support for a thoroughgoing amendment banning gay marriage, saying he wants to stop activist adjudi cate from changing the definition of the most enduring human institution (Huus, 2004). This makes for a difficult position to be in as a queer viewer.Jacqueline Rose (1986) has noted, The relationship between viewer and scene is always one of fracture, partial identification, pleasure and distrust (p227 cited in Raymond, 2003, p100). The Simpsons are not incitive or anti-family, in fact they are probably quite buttoned-down Homer attempts to vote for Democrat Barack Obama in Treehouse of Horror XIX (S20E04, 2008) and the machine would not allow him and instead registered his vote for John McCain a Republican in a humorous take on the allegations of voter fraud that had occurred in prior elections (Stelter, 2008).

Week 3 Homework Assignment

Week 3 Assignments Chapter 7 7. disunite between the following active income, passive income, and portfolio income. 13. Briefly, what is material participation? wherefore is the determination of whether a taxpayer materially participates important? 46. Mary Beth is a CPA, devoting 3,000 hours per form to her practice. She also owns an major power building in which she rents out space to tenants. She devotes none of her time to the management of the office building. She has a property management riotous make all management decisions for her.During 2012, she incurred a loss, for tax purposes, of $30,000 on the office building. How must Mary Beth treat this loss on her 2012 tax exceed? 34. Mike and Sally Card file a joint come down for the 2012 tax family. Their adjusted gross income is $65,000 and they incur the following interest expenses enthronement income and related expenses amount to $7,000 and $500, respectively. What is Mike and Sallys interest deduction for the 2012 t ax year? 40. In each of the following independent cases determine the amount of charitable contributions allowed the individual before consideration of any percentage limitations. a.Charlie Chubbs contributed an item of stock from his sole proprietorship to a public charity for its practice. The good marketplace apprize of the asset was $800 and his basis was $600. b. Durwood Dodson contributed some shares of common stock that he had held long-term to a private charity. The basis of the stock was $8,000 and it had a fair market value of $7,000. c. Esther Ensign contributed tangible personal property that she had held long-term to a public charity. The asset had a fair market value of $10,000 and a basis of $6,000. The charity intended to sell the asset and use the proceeds for charitable purposes.

Critical Summary of Conflicts as Property Essay

IntroductionThe condition I will be critically summarizing is Conflict as Property. It is an potent article written by the criminologist Nils Christie in the late 1970s. Throughout the entire article Christie argues criminology to some utmost has amplified a process where conflicts have been taken away from the parties directly tangled and thereby have either disappe bed or become other bulks piazza1 This statement is what I have found to be Christies dissertation in which all of his points refer back to.Christies ArgumentThroughout the article Christie reflects on why he trusts the conflict between two parties, the dupe and defendant has been stolen by the authorities, the state, and by professionals. Christie said that non only does the dupe loose his or her swan in the proceedings but is relatively thrown out of the sequel in which it becomes between one ships comp any(prenominal) and the state. He found this unsatisfying and argued that it should be given back to the sign parties involved, the victim, the defendant and the part. He says when a conflict is created that we are less undefendable to take on the situation and are to a greater extent likely to moot it off to some one else. This is where there is a lineup of professionals impulsive to take the conflict from us and we are just as uncoerced to give it away. Christie explains his notion of conflict as property as not referring to material compensation but rather to the ownership of the conflict itself. He then recognizes the effects of victim losing the property initially and puts forth a method as a remedy for this process. He proposes a impudent court model for fixing with conflicts in which the court is victim refer and lay-oriented.My OpinionFor most of the part I agree with what Christie has to say. I believe that throughout a proceeding it should be of most importance that the victims situation is to be taked whether it is relevant to the law or not. Instead of letting th e state or professionals take over and say what they think has the most relevance to a case the court should hear the entire story from the victims point of view. This would show the courts to what affect this act by the offender has caused in the victims life. Also they should hear out what the victim seems survive as a fair punishment or payment in forms of restitution whether it is labour or monetary to go along with the settle sentence. I think that by having the initial parties involved instead of world pushed to the side, society will be more concerned to make authorized that everyone is given a fair, equal, and consistent resolution to a conflict. It would ensure that the neighborhood and state have the same set of shared values and goals that they are working towards to support social order.Most offenders after committing crimes do not want to see the victims or their families that they affected. It is an emotional encounter in the royal court where the offender can sho w his remorse and the victim(s) can show grieve I think that the two types of segmentation that are observed in our highly industrialized societies are the most important factors in why we dont have the ability to deal with conflict. The segmentation in space is how we go through our daily lives and not recognizing any of the people we see as who they are but by what they do. Secondly we separate people based on their physical attributes such as race, gender, and sex.This sequestration has many consequences on society as a whole. The most influential consequence that we experience is depersonalization as Christie said. Not having this person-to-person kindred is detrimental, especially when conflicts arise seeing as how we cant deal with them between the parties involved. We need professionals to step in and take the roles from us, which results in us being cast aside.ConclusionExcept for execution, castration or internment for life, no measure has a proven minimum of efficienc y compared to any other measures2 instead of continuing with the traditional way of a legal proceeding we need to changethings. People need to be able to interact face to face and have a more personal interaction. Conflicts must be given back to the initial parties and not stolen by these other powers. Is it not what somebody deserves? To have a case in which they are heard.BibliographyNils Christie, Conflict as Property (1977) 174 The British Journal of Criminology Pg. 1-15

Outline the Ways in Which Rubbish Can Be Said to Have Value in a Consumer Society

Since the latter p blind of the nineteenth century, contemporary UK auberge has been steadily changing. Where in one case we tended to peg down ourselves by our employment and the status in hunting lodge that position may have given us, we now define ourselves much more by the goods we buy and choose to surround ourselves with (Hinchcliffe 2009). What we wear, the set up we live in, the food we choose to buy and the experiences we pass water for ourselves all argon thought to say more about us personally and as a society and have led to the creation of the term consumer society(Hinchliffe 2009).The rise in disposable income and the ability to acquire easy reliance has enabled the vast majority of the UK population to buy goods more readily than at any time eer before and to fill our homes with an array of consumables. tho this increase in affluence has generated a massive rise in consumer goods being manufactured and purchased and consequently is creating huge amounts of was te in return. out-of-date and broken goods, massive amounts of packaging and waste created during manufacture argon proving more and more difficult to dispose of.The resources being depleted in order to create and transport goods atomic number 18 overly having devastating consequences on the priming and the environment and ar not sustainable (Brown 2009). This essay will look at many of the ways in which we tail end re entertain this rubbish in our ever changing and evolving society. When we purchase goods today on that point ar more factors that croup eventually transform the item into what we would commonly term as rubbish, nearthing of no protect whatsoever to its owner. Goods are made more and more stingily and in quantity to allow for low selling prices and are not necessarily built to last.The cost of fixate crumb be more than replacing the item itself with very few specialist repair services being offered on the high street nowadays. Ever changing fashions and trends altering every season potentiometer lead to everything from shoes to piece of furniture being thrown away and replaced in order for one to placate in trend in our modern consumer society (Brown 2009). One conjecture of how rubbish can be redefined and given bare-ass honor is impersonate forward by Michael Thomson (Brown 2009). His theory suggests that items can move from being cherished into the category of rubbish and out again into both(prenominal)thing of place.Items can be flying, in another(prenominal)(a) words, not built to last and consisting of most of the consumer goods much(prenominal) as mobile phones and clothing we can purchase in our shops today. Their value will decrease with use and they will often be replaced as fashion and trend dictates and newer and more desired items come on to the market. opposite items can be called Durables. These items are often more overpriced to buy and gain value over time such as good jewellery, paintings an d rarer items people may wish to invest in or collect. His third category is one of Zero value such as completely broken items and worn out clothes (Brown 2009).Economic reasons can be one of the ways in which new value can be placed on an object. The rise in munificence shops, car boot sales and online auctions enables some of the Transient items to be given new value. One persons rubbish may be of value to another (Brown 2009). The changing economic climate since the recent credit squeeze and more unemployment may mean that people with more time and little money may understand uses for the worn out clothes and other Zero value items by repairing or recycling in some innovative way(Reflections on Material Lives,2009).Transient goods can beat out-dated over time until they apparently become almost worthless. Some of these goods may wherefore become popular or appealing in some other way. For instance a new trend in retro items such as the current interest in shabby chic goods gives the items a fashionable appeal. Old and outdated consumer goods can become of interest to collectors and as interest increases so does the value. If these goods are no longer being produced, lead will outweigh supply and thus increase their price and hence their value (Brown 2009).Aesthetic revaluation is another example of how new value can be given to rubbish. Some contemporary artists such as Tracey Emin and Chris Jordan (Brown 2009) have created works containing junk and other waste such as plastic cups, circuit boards, empty bottles and cigarette ends. By making a statement about our wastefulness in our consumer society in their works, they are bringing new value to rubbish by transforming it into valuable objects of art (Brown 2009). Environmental concern is another aspect that is prompting the revaluation of rubbish.In 2008, the waste generated more quickly than could be disposed of, was said to be 40% greater than the earths available yearly resources (Brown 2009). The earths resources and its capacity for absorbing the waste we generate has become environmentally unsustainable. Disposing and recycling of rubbish is now huge international business and although there is great economic value in this for the companies involved the need to find ways to sustain the environment is also a major factor in this process (Brown 2009).Transporting rubbish around the world where it is recycled more cheaply and remanufactured into a usable commodity to be shipped back, highlights the new value of some of our rubbish. Waste plastics, paper, card and glass are now just some of the products collected, recycled and sold for profit. Previously they may have been simply landfilled at not only monetary cost, so of negative value, however as we are now discovering, great cost to our planet (Brown 2009). Revaluing rubbish can therefore come about in many ways.In an ever growing consumer society we are beginning to become more full aware of not only the amount of ru bbish we are generating, but the understanding that by revaluing this waste we are helping to sustain the planet. Where once we would have thrown it into the bin without thought, we now know the value of our waste. The change magnitude pauperisms to cease using plastic carriers in favour of supermarket bags for life the preponderance of car park bottle bins and clothing banks the household recycling bins are all constant reminders to us of the value of our rubbish.Economic value can be added to out dated goods due to new trends and fashions and as items become of interest to collectors. The less there may be of something and the more the demand is for it the more likely the value will be raised creating advance interest and higher prices. Taking junk and turning it into art also revalues rubbish. Many artists are seeing the possibilities of pointing out to us our wastefulness and by using rubbish in their art they are turning it into something of artistic merit and often consider able monetary value (Brown 2009).Moreover, even design students today are being taught to utilise employ items and create something new and useful or aesthetically appealing from them. (Reflections on Material Lives, 2009). Whether selling our old possessions on online auctions for profit or donating to the charity shop, we are giving new value to what we no longer sprightliness has worth. Rubbish is becoming more and more valuable as our ingestion as a society grows at a time when were both laconic of materials globally as well as short of energy globally, were now looking to waste as a real resource ( Reflections on Material Lives,2009).

Congress of the United States Essay

The chronology of events during the revolution era be Black Loyalists, A century of Law making for a new constitution, The Revolutionary diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources-1745-1799, earn of Delegates to telling- 1774-1789, The Rochambeau Map Collection, American Revolutionary War (dead link). The date for the Declaration of independency is July 4, 1776, and the US constitution is September 17, 1778.Authority granted to the following organization activity branches Congress- article 1 states that all legislative strengths herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and phratry of Representatives. The President- article II states that the Executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of tetrad Years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same Term.Las tly is the section three of the judgeship that says the effective Power of the United States, shall be vested in one overbearing Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from clock to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during high-priced Behavior, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation which shall non be diminished during their Continuance in Office.Framers rationale for a breakup of authors in the US Constitution attempts to move beyond the general practicable/ prepareal debate by analyzing the views of the contemporary Courts starring(p) separation of powers functionalist, Justice White, and his effort to create a meaningful doctrine. religious sect is the conflict deep down a nation. capital of Wisconsin in federal report 10 addresses the question of how to guard against factions, groups of citizens with interests contrary to the rights of others or the interests of the whole community. res publica is an mandate derived through the election by the people of public officials top hat fitted to represent them, while Democracy is a government of the masses whereby ascendance is derived through mass meeting or any other form of direct expression. When we compare and contrast the political view of modern Madison with mature Madison, it depicts that when he was young, he distrusts political parties and democracy while he believed that government should reflect the will of the majority, when he got mature.Dahl argues that an individual voter in a state with a smaller population has greater weight than a voter in the more populated state. The land is that both African Americans and Hispanics are substantially underrepresented due to their greater comportment in high-population states as compared to in low-population states. Dahl likes the proportional representation of discipline elections using a parliamentary system.The advantages are Parliamentary systems are characterized by no clear-cut separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches, direct to a different particularise of checks and balances compared to those found in presidential systems, are usually have a clear differentiation between the stop of government and the point of state, with the head of government being the prime minister, and the head of state often being the president.The disadvantages of parliamentary systems are In presidential system, executive branch in separately elected, meaning that theres no direct responsibility, numerous, fragmented party system, fusion of powers, dangerous for young democracies. First-past-the-post election system is a single-winner voting system often utilize to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative host which is based on single-member constituencies.Having a right to vote has helped due to the refinement of various amendments like universal suffrage which desc ribe a business office in which the right to vote is not restricted by race, gender, tactual sensation or social status. Framers decide to use an electoral college for presidential excerption because Electors are technically free to vote for anyone eligible to be President, notwithstanding in practice pledge to vote for specific candidates and voters cast ballots for happy presidential candidates by voting for correspondingly pledged electors. The electoral college work by allocating each state a consider of Electors equal to the number of its U. S.Senators (always 2) plus the number of its U. S. Representatives (which may change each decade fit to the size of each States population as intractable in the Census). A constitution can be amended by proposing an amendment and ratifying an amendment. The president can be removed from the office on impeachment for, and prison term of, Treason, Bribery, or other High crimes and misdemeanors. The powers delegated by the proposed C onstitution to the federal government are few and defined is what Madison said and it is still trustworthy up to date. Intent bill of rights was meant to protect the state from the federal interference.The al almost important on e is the English bill of rights. The tenth amendment states that The States should be left to do whatever they can do as headspring as the federal government. It reassures the states that they would remain largely in send out within their own borders. Majoritarianism is a traditional political philosophy or agenda which asserts that a majority ( aroundtimes categorized by religion, language, or some other identifying factor) of the population is entitled to a certain degree of primacy in society, and has the right to make decisions that affect the society.The political hypothesis of pluralism holds that political power in society does not lie with the electorate, or with small tough elite, but is distributed between a wide numbers of groups. Elite theo ry is a theory of the state which seeks to describe and explain the power relationships in modern society. It argues that a small minority, consisting of members of the economic elite and policy-planning networks, hold the most power no matter what happens in elections in a country. Yes, the juridic is independent of the other branches of the government and external forces. The reason for this is to prevent corruption.The for the first time amendment is an absolute right. John Peter Zenger was a German-born American printer, publisher, editor and journalist in New York City Zengers trial was significant because he was fighting for the freedom of speech. Libel is the communication of a statement that makes a false claim, expressly stated or implied to be factual, that may offend an individual, business, product, group, government or nation a negative image. Obscenity is a term that is most often used in a profound context to describe expressions (words, images, actions) that offe nd the prevalent sexual morality of the time. commerce administration consists of the performance or management of business operations and therefrom the making or implementing of major decisions while public administration is the development, execution of instrument and study of branches of government policy. Common law refers to law and the corresponding legal system developed through decisions of courts and similar tribunals, rather than through legislative statutes or executive action. Case law is that body of reported judicial opinions in countries that have common law legal systems.It includes courts interpretations of statutes, and also integral provisions and administrative rules. Statutory law is written law set down by a legislature or other government authority such as the executive branch of government in response to a perceived need to clarify the functioning of government, repair civil order, to codify existing law, or for an individual or companionship to obtain special treatment. The U. S. House of Representatives and then the U. S. Senate are the one who declares war. Yes, the Congress has the authority to veto state legislation.One of the intentions of the founders in designing a new constitution was to ensure that the federal government had sufficient power to run the country. The Supremacy Clause is the common name given to article VI, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, which reads This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the land and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. frequent administration is boring because its full of bureaucracies. Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions. Politics is generally applied to behavior within civil govern ments, but politics has been observed in all human race group interactions, including corporate, academic, and religious institutions. Politics consists of social relations involving authority or power, and refers to the regulation of a political unit and to the methods and tactics used to cook up and apply policy.

President Barack Obama Lifts Cuban Restrictions Essay

For many yrs, legal professionals and scholars in economics argued over the benefits and cost of the trade trade stoppage which was put on Cuba by the U. S. Over the run for of years, Cuban Americans were not only deprived of a chance to reunify with their families they did not have the legal right to set up their family members residing in Cuba with monetary concomitant. Now, the new American President has come to fulfill one of his study promises to lift restrictions, which Cuban Americans faced in their need for travel and pecuniary cooperation with Cuba.Although Obamas decision does not eliminate the trade embargo, it expands the rights of common Cubans and Cuban Americans and volition certainly become the first step toward restoring trade and administrational transactionhips with Cuba. For years, the majority of Cuban Americans has been torn from their families and was unable to maintain close relationships with their Cuban relatives. Under American restrictions, Cu ban Americans were limited to one promise per year and were not allowed to support their families materially (Weinemann, 2004).Now, as Barack Obama looks further into the need to mitigate relations with Cuba, lifting restrictions give also improve the wellbeing of many Cubans and will provide them with a chance to reunite with their American family members. Moreover, it appears that under the hale of legal restrictions, Cuban Americans learnt to avoid legal responsibility for violating the requirements regarding traveling and pecuniary transactions. They get around the restriction by traveling illegally by dint of third countries, just like the vast majority of Americans who travel to Cuba.Cuban Americans carry or send cash back home at a rate of $1 billion a year (Weinemann, 2004), as a result, lifting restrictions is the means to legalize what has been illegal for many years, and to improve relations betwixt Cuba and the U. S. Lifting restrictions on traveling and financia l transactions to Cuba is a precise pleasing fact. Beyond expanding traveling activity and financial operations surrounded by the two countries, this Obamas decision is likely to cause a strategical political and economic change.Statistics suggests that Florida alone loses $750 annually due to the trade embargo (Weinemann, 2004) Florida ports could maintain positive relationships with other Cuban enterprises and could thus turn into other source of revenues for the state budget. Moreover, given that these are the citizens that promote changes, lifting restrictions will provide the Cubans with better stimuli for a major democratic change. The more citizens are allowed to visit Cuba and to develop mutually beneficial relationships with the U. S. , the more probable it is that Cuba will discern a more democratic way of development (Nuccio, 1998).Certainly, lifting restrictions on financial transactions is the topic of hot debate. Opponents of Obamas decision are positive that add itional finances will work to support the Cuban government in its desire to restrict democratic freedoms and to promote dictatorship and political isolation. Unfortunately, Obamas opponents forget that if the U. S. embargo is successful in its objective of denying resources to the Cuban government, it must also have negative effects on the lives of prevalent Cubans (Nuccio, 1998). The political history of Cuba suggests that not the government, but common citizens are the primary coil victims of the embargo.Due to the embargo and travel restrictions, citizens cannot avoid the sense of hatred and repulsion toward the neighboring country Cuban Americans are no longer overenthusiastic about these restrictions. More than 1. 2 million Cuban Americans vote for lifting the electric current restrictions and welcome Obamas decision (Weinemann, 2004), which also means that their personal lives will change for the better and the majority of their personal issues will be resolved. closing c urtain Lifting restrictions for Cubans regarding traveling to Cuba and sending money to their family members will improve the quality of relationships between Cuba and the U.S. People will be given a chance to reunite with their families. Families will be given an opportunity to receive financial support from their relatives abroad. Finally, lifting these restrictions is the first step toward establishing democratic relationships with Cuba and expanding international trade. References Nuccio, R. A. (1998). Cautious optimism. Harvard International Review, 20 (4) 24-27. Weinmann, L. (2004). Washingtons irrational Cuba policy. World Policy Journal, 21 (1) 22-31.

Water shortage may be next cause of world war

spot much attention and debate have been correctly foc use upd on the impending planet-wide oil shortage, a far greater calamity awaits us as the reality of the looming orbiculate piddle crisis suits more app atomic number 18nt. It is not ill-considered to wonder whether the next world state of war testament be fought oer oil or water.No resource on Earth is more preciously than water. While ongoing events draw our attention to oil, we ignore what leave alone become the most serious resource issue in this century the planetary water shortage. The reports that nearly a third of the worlds population lacks clear-cut water for personal daily use and estimates that by 2025 that add up will grow to half of the worlds population. A payoff of world leaders have even suggested that the next world war could be sparked by water disputes.In places as different as the American west, the Middle East, Northern Africa, and China the puzzle of diminishing water supplies is become steadily more serious and more dangerous. The World Bank has account that as many as 80 countries now have water shortages that threaten their economies as well as their citizens health, while 40 per centum of the worlds population have no access to clean water and sanitation.In addition, more than a dozen nations receive most of their water from rivers that cross borders of neighbouring countries viewed as hostile. As readily as people and countries ght over pick up of oil, one can only imagine what it will be like when our precious life source of water is no daylong available in sufficient quantities.According to Frank Rijsberman, the director of the International water system Management Institute, Globally, water usage has increased six times in the past 100 years and will double again by 2050, driven mainly by irrigation and demands of agriculture.The consequences of this increase in demand will be widespread scarcity and rapidly increasing water prices. As described in a re port issued last August by WWF, the global conservation organization, rather than being precisely a problem effecting poor and undeveloped countries, the combination of mode change and drought and passing game of wetlands that store water, along with poorly thought out water radix and resources management, is making this (water) crisis rattling global.In the Middle East, Israelis and Palestinians atomic number 18 ghting over lessen water resources. In China & India more than 400 of 600 towns & nearby cities are suffering water shortages and in Peru, as around the world, mountain glaciers are in retreat, taking with them vast stores of water that grow crops, generate electrical energy and sustain communities.The situation will only be exacerbated as climate change is predicted to bring lower rainfall, increased evaporation and changed patterns of snow melting.So what is to be done about this imminent case of water hazard? The most important rst step is to develop a better sy stem of agricultural irrigation. Presently 70 percent of all water use is agricultural, with 60 percent of that water being wasted, primarily through ooze and evaporation. Other strategies to address this growing global water problem admit water conservation, more desalination plants, slowing population growth, reducing pollution, and simply better managing the supply and demand of our most precious resource.Ultimately, there will be no remedy for this seemingly intractable problem unless and until truly sustainable practices of water conservation are undertaken at the personal, national and global level. If we fail to do this, and dont learn to conserve and cooperate, the war(s) for control of the oil in the Middle East will appear untarnished picnics by comparison.And in addition to the already existing No daub for Oil protest signs, ournewest antiwar protesters will be carrying signs saying, No War for Water.

Fashion Show

A flair show is an event fix on by a fashion designer to showcase his or her upcoming line of uniform during Fashion Week. Fashion shows debut all(prenominal) season, particularly the Spring/Summer and Fall/Winter seasons. This is where the latest fashion trends atomic number 18 do. The two most influential fashion weeks be genus Paris Fashion Week and New York Fashion Week, which are both semiannual events. Types of fashion The garments produced by clothing manufacturers fall into three main categories, although these whitethorn be split up into additional, more specific categoriesHaute couture Until the 1950s, fashion clothing was predominately designed and manufactured on a made-to-measure or haute couture stem , with each garment being created for a specific client. A couture garment is made to order for an individual customer, and is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric, sewn with entire attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming, hand-exec uted techniques. Look and fit bribe priority over the cost of materials and the time it takes to make.For Example off-the-shelf (pret-a-porter) Ready-to-wear clothes are a cross between haute couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive. Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a plosive consonant known as Fashion Week. This takes place on a city-wide basis and occurs twice a year.

Ethics Games Dilemmas Essay

The Baird Method based on the intravenous feeding honourable lens of the eyee of the eyees and the four plus cardinal finding-making method. In taking previous classes it was determine that no one lens fits the values of student Nayeli Trejos. The professor shocked with the results, and no student prior to Nayeli received that score in the lens test. This has to do with the fact that a person is not a particular lens all the time but shifts into a lens, depending on the situation. Two predicaments were pre moveed to the student subsequently coaching in from each one lens the trump out conclusion based on the lens was chosen. The student had the opportunity to make the conclusiveness based on core values of the individual.Ethical Issues of Simulation and close making moveThe first good issue presented in the modeling was a concern of an employee with a possible internal harassment case. This employee had diffuse concern about spirit uncomfortable in certain situat ions. The man long timer of sales made aware by a third political party regarding the situation of the employee receiving extra attention. The director received an e-mail from the employee stating the employee wanted to conform to but for the director to keep everything confidential. The director of sales used the four plus one step decision-making plan known as the Baird method. The steps are be attentive, be intelligent, be reasonable, be responsible and be reflective (Ethicsgame, 2012).The best decision was based on the rights/responsibility lens and the results lens. The ethical issue presented in the second situation discusses tampering with search data results. The marketing director received a request to appraise the data to be submitted by the division medical director for publication. by and by reviewing the floor the marketing director noticed inconsistencies form the first report drafted. The medical director removed data that was not favorable for the enquiry and replaced with favorable data. The four plus one decision method was to mete out ethical issues. The marketing director chose the best filling based on the results and reputation lens.Ethical Lenses used andLens Influence on ratiocinationThere are four ethical lenses that influenced the decision of the simulated ethical issues. The simulation offered the perspectives of the lenses to make the best decision based on the lens tools. The lenses are rights/responsibility lens, results lens, relationship lens, and reputation lens (Ethicsgame, 2012). Each dilemma presented offered two lenses to make a decision based on the tools of each lens. The simulation gave the best answer based on the lens and after the reader had the choice based on the individuals core values. After identifying the best choice for all lenses the students choice was rated for risk.Concepts Relating to the WorkplaceA lifeguard on duty needs to be easily identifiable for that reason employers necessitate uniforms. Lifeguards uniform includes a bathing suit or trunk at all times while on duty. Females have an option of wearing trunks and a shirt over the bathing suit. Males have the option of wearing a shirt. The facility sees approximately 1,200 patrons a day. The probability of sexual harassment in this environment is higher. There are employees under age working alongside employees who are much older. Some females expressed feeling uncomfortable in certain situations. These concerns were addressed immediately to protect the employee as well as the organization.It is a requirement for employees to attend regular bringing up and meeting to discuss policies and procedures. In these meetings a manual is issued to employees stating policies, procedure, and legal rights. The communications protocols were scheme for the individuals in case of any situation. In addition to employee trainings supervisors are sent to an additional management meeting. This meeting addressed how to follow proper pr otocol to protect the individual filling the report as well as the organization.ConclusionKnowledge is power and educating employees will slenderize risk of ethical issues. In these simulations disparate ethical issues were addressed. The opportunity to view two different perspectives before making a decision is beneficial. This allows the decision maker to reduce risk and keep the best interest of all parties involved. Know that the decision maker will not only stay in one lens but also will mold, depending on the situation at hand.ReferencesEthicsGame (2012). Retrieved from http//ethicsgame.com/Exec/CorpGame/BairdDecisionModel.aspx

John Case

tooshie M. slip-up Company I. Statement of the Problem The rear M. effort Company was established in 1920 by Uriah grimace and was the boastfullyst manufacturer of note calendars in the United States. The guild was then handed off to John M. Case, and continued to prosper. John M. Case controlled a large amount of the trade allot in this industry along with an increasing number for sales. Then, John M. Case decided it was time to retire and sell the gild. Anthony W. Johnson, an employer of John M. Case Company, was interested in this purchase.After culmination up with $500,000 within the management group, Johnson cool it faced a dilemma of raising $10 million without fine- looking up control to outside investors. With this, Johnson inviteed to come up with a strategic financial plan in order to successfully book such a company. II. Statement of Facts and Assumptions With a large amount of the foodstuff share in favor of John M. Case Company, the business risk of exp osure was relatively utter for this industry. John M. Case owned 60-65% of the market share causing the risk to be substantially lower than other industries. Manufacturing for this company had many advantages.As Case Company had a subsidiary in Puerto Rico, it allowed them to be tax exempt from U. S taxes. With these tax exemptions, it provided low income tax rate for Case Company. Case Company also did not have problems in regards to their customers. With 95% of their customers being loyal to their company by re-purchasing orders annually. Company monetary resource were also a positive for John M. Case. The company did not need to part take in seasonal buying in or so 10 years, but strategically kept $2 million lines of credit. By looking at the different components to John M.Case Company, the outlook for future endeavors seems to be profitable. III. Analysis By looking at the different components to John M. Case Company, the outlook for future endeavors seems to be profitable. Johnsons decision to purchase this company would be a smart move financially. As the company has seen well-to-do growth throughout its years, its part in the market seems to show low risk and high levels of profit. IV. Recommendation As the issue continues in coming up with the redundant $10 million, Johnson should look into more resources to obtain the additional funding.The financial state of this company is in top shape looking at the current ratio and inventory turnover in demonstrate 1 below. As the current ratio is well above 1, it secures the caprice that John M. Case Company is able to pay back its short-term liabilities and assets. Having a confident number for their current ratio assures the company mass handle financial issues that may come their way. With their loyal customers, low-cost manufacturing and large market share, the profits of John M. Case Company are endless. portray 1 Current Ratio in 1984$8, 998/$1,266 = 7. 107 Inventory Turnover$9,740/$588 = 16. 565